Propylaea by Mnesicles

Entrance to Acropolis, built to hold animals as well

Acropolis in athens, ruined by Persians in 480 BCE

Oath of Palatea not to rebuild but it was broken to retouch ceremonial buildings

Parthenon

built as a temple to athena, also used as a treasury

Alexander mosaic

Copy of painting, found in pompeii, wild hair lots of emotion, charging.  More persians than greeks but greeks will win. Alexander spears Persian in white, no helmet (hero)

Hellenistic Art

Great Altar of Zeus at Pergamon

180-156 BCE

Built by Eumenes, not finished

Continuous frieze of Gods battles Giants all around

Zeus Fighting Porphyrion and other Giants

frieze from great alter at pergamon

Zeus about to hurl a thunderboldt, over 10 ft. tall

Fighting 3 giants at once, shows his strength he is the only one standing

Poryhyrion has snake legs, giants are children of earth

Athena fighting Alyconeus

frieze at great altar in pergamon

Balances the scene, she moves in opposite direction as Zeus. High drama, swirling drapery, wings, curvature. Yanks Alyconeus by hair, shows power. Giant could only be killed when not touching the ground.

gaul and wife

Made for victory over Gauls. Gaul kills himself as he already killed his wife. Differntiate different ethnicity by hair, dress, facial hair. Contrast between wife and husband-control, vigorous vs limp. Gaul makes eye contact with the viewer to inspire pride in a Peramene citizen

Dying Gaul

Known only in Roman copy.

Tumpeter of the Gauls, pained expression. Differentiate his ethnicity based on hair, facial hair, necklace, weathered ksin

Nike of Samothrace

210-190 BCE

Just landed on the prow of a ship, commemorates a naval victory, flown through the air dramatically. Heightened realism.

Laocoon

Statue of Laocoon and sons being killed by snakes. Marble. Laocoon was a priest in Troy. Gods predestined Greeks to win so sent snakes to kill Laocoon to prove his prophecy was wrong. Highly emotional

Sarcophagus of Married Couple from Cervetri

reclining in marriage bed, made of baked clay

high status (pointed hats)

based on greek art because of archaic smile, hair, beard.

House of the dead

Tomb of Hunting and Fishing

510 BCE

Inner room (of 2 rooms)

Man of tomb=heirarchic scale

Sea and death theme "dive into sea of death"

Hellenistic Ruler

2nd century BCE

Demetrius of Syria

Completely nude, leans on staff, reminiscent of Doryophoros, follows tradition of Greek athletic sculpture

The Orator

1st Century BCE

Between Etruscan and Roman art

Toga, boots are status symbol, laborers do not use togas. Class concious society. Style is Greek, features are Roman (aging, wrinkles), inscription is Etruscan.

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Roman Patrician holding Busts

50 BCE

Patricians were upper class. Marble. Toga. Holds busts of ancestors, death masks were displayed at Roman home. Signs of aging.

Brutus

2nd Century BCE

Bearded face is remarkable about Brutus. Ideal image of what ROmans wanted their founder to look like. Stern, piercing gaze. Aging.

Temple of Fortuna Virilis

2nd Century BCE

Represented a change in architecture for Romans, used tufa covered in stucco. Much of the architecture is aeshetic.

Round Temple by the Tiber "Temple of Vesta"

150 BCE

Made of marble, built in Greek style. Dedicated to Hercules Victor. Marble not found in Italy, so expensive

Temple of Sibyl at Trivoli

Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia

Praeneste, 80 BCE

Dedicated to Fortune, the First Born. An oracle. Basilica hall at base had a grotto which indicates it was sacred, could be civic. Built to look more ol-fashioned. Restricted view as one travels up "mysterious"

Statue of Augustus from villa of liva prima porta

1st century BCE

Set up in villa of his wife

Wanted to return to a time of peace and prosperity, mimics 5th century Greek Classical art. Barefoot, heroized. Traces lineage to Venus with symbols at foot. Armor. Makes speech. Posthumus because he wasnt worshipped as a god during life. Like the Doryphoros and the Orator. Back not finished, placed against wall. His cuirass has a lot of symbolism, bearded figure holding drapery (jupiter) mother earth holding fruits, sky charioteer (rising sun), woman with torch (evening star) apollo, relatives, provinces he's conquered.

Ara Pacis

13-9 BC

altar of peace

Commemorates Augustus return from Spain, short sides have allegorical/mythological stories. Long sides are a procession of family and political people. All move toward sacraficial altar. All alludes to elemnts of Augustan program.

Relief from Ara pacis. Goddess Roma, Mother Earth. Outdoor landscape, sheer garments. Emphasis on fertilitiy: babies, flowers, plants, women, animals. Reflects Augustus' plan to repopulate Rome, bring peace and prosperity.

Relief of Romulus and Remus on ARa Pacis

bad shape, wolf with boys

Sacrifice of Aeneas Relief Ara Pacis

Wears Greek himation but Roman head dover, sets him in the past, ancestor of Julius Caesar, escaped from Trojan War, offers pigs

Procession Ara Pacis

People move towards altar, family, priests. Augustus wears toga over head, is in higher relief, extends his arm in sacrifice. People look at him. Whole family is there even people that have died or are away in war. Children are present.

Odyssey Paintings

Rome 50 BC

Narrative of the Odyssey when he goes to the land of the Laestrygonians (cannibals) in a Roman home, inscriptions in Greek. Figures smaller than landscape

Arch of Titus

Located at end of Roman Forum. Erected to commemorate Titus' conquest over Jews. Erected after his death. On top is a chariot with TItus, Vespian, and Domitian in bronze. Also allegorical figures of victory and a frieze of figures makin a sacrifice to the river Jordan.

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Triumph of Titus in a Chariot

Figures are mixed in with allegorical figures. Woman leads the hroses, representing Rome. Another man represents the senate. Light and shadow important

Colosseum

Built over drained lake. Foundation was done in tufa. Conservative design. Series of rings. Columns used as decorative. barrel vault. Arches around outring serve as entrances. better seats made of marble. animals pulled through trapdoors. Mosaics of gladiators.

Pantheon "all the gods"

AD 118-136

Built under Hadrian, first temple of this form

Made of concrete, brick, granite. Inside made of different kinds of marbles and stones from all over the empire. Statues of deities stood in niches. Dome is supposed to be "The Dome of the Heavens" the oculus creates a lighting effect, rain and snow came through also. Natural vs artifical

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Columns of Trajan

AD 112

Tomb of Trajan, unusual, normally buried outside of city limits. At the forum of trajan. Staircase inside the column. Statue of Trajan on top. Carving of Dacian wars, inscription of purpose, slit like windows exposing staircase. can be seen from several places. Art shows Romans are pious (Jupiter fights with them), on horses, stronger, more numerous, no fallen soldiers, etc. Propaganda.

Porphyry Tetrarchs in Venice

Stone porphyry is from Egypt, deep purple red connotates royalty. Represent the Augusti and Caesars of the 4 parts of Rome. Dressed in military, hard looks, hard drapery. Embraced=harmony. Augusti have little beards. Conceptual.

Bascilica of Maxentius and Constantine

AD 310-315

Started by Masentius, finished by Constantine.  Architecture style used for different purposes.

Colossal Head of Constantine

AD 315

part of a huge statue of Constantine in the Basilica. 8.5 ft tall. Overwhelm the viewer. Classical style. Looks up at the heavens.

Arch of Constantine

AD 312-315

Larger than Arch of Titus. Constantine on a chariot at the top. On bases of colums. Put his head over many reliefs and images of other emperors.

Apoxyomenos (athlete scraping himself)

360-300 BCE

Made by Lysippos. Roman copy. Reminisent of Doryphoros. Natural relaxed position. Detailed. Caught in a moment.

Hermes by Praxiteles

330 BCE

Natural, muscular, curved. Holding dionysos, dangling grapes anove him. Humanized version of Hermes

Nike by Paionios

424 BCE

on a pillar at the temple of Zeus. moment in time, landing on a cloud, weight on her toes, sensual, sheer clinging to body, breast is bare, heightened realism, eagle (Zeus) emphasize vicotry

Doryphoros

450 BCE

Known only in Roman copies. Idealistic, musculature of torso affected by the posture of legs. Original did not have tree turnk. Relaxed, bland features.

Erechtheion

Erectheus was king of Athens. Designed for multiple gods (athena, poseidon etc), uneven terrain. Not symmetrical. Two remnants remain an olive tree for AThena and a rock for Poseidon. Porch of Caryatids.

Temple of Athena Nike by Callicrates

Figure of Nike adjusting sandal, sexual, Battles of nude Greeks vs clothed Persians. Persians=feminine.

Aphrodite of Knidos

330 BCE by Praxiteles

Roman copies. Wholly nude. Getting drapery off of water jar. Catch goddess unclothed. Water in jar=female sexuality. Gods are more humanized.