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EENT week 1
Anatomy- Nervous System
30
Medical
Graduate
09/08/2018

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Cards

Term
What are the three divisions of the CNS during development?
Definition
Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
Term
What are the two divisions of the prosencephalon?
Definition
Telencephalon, diencephalon
Term
What are the three divisions of the telencephalon?
Definition
cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, basal forebrain
Term
What are the three divisions of the diencephalon?
Definition
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
Term
What are the two features of the mesencephalon?
Definition
Cerebral peduncles, midbrain aqueduct
Term
What are the two divisions of the rhombencephalon?
Definition
Metencephalon, myelencephalon
Term
What are the two components of the metencephalon?
Definition
Pons, cerebellum
Term
What is the primary feature of the myelencephalon?
Definition
Medulla
Term
From which spinal nerves does the sympathetic NS arise?
Definition
T1-L3
Term
From which nerves does the parasympathetic NS arise?
Definition
Cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X; S2-S4
Term
What is the primary function of microglia?
Definition
specialized macrophages for phagocytosis
Term
What are the different macroglia cell types?
Definition
Radial glia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependyma, Schwann cells
Term
What is the primary function of radial glia?
Definition
Neurodevelopment; neuronal progenitors and scaffold upon which neurons migrate and find their proper place
Term
What is the primary function of astrocytes?
Definition
Regulate chemical environment; recycle neurotransmitters
Term
What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes?
Definition
Myelination in the CNS
Term
What is the primary function of ependymal cells?
Definition
Line the ventricles & secrete CSF
Term
What is the primary function of Schwann cells?
Definition
Myelination in PNS
Term
What is the approximate ratio of glia:neurons in the cortex?
Definition
4:1
Term
True or false: chemical synapses are associated with a coupling potential
Definition
False; this phenomenon is associated w/ electrical synapses
Term
Which neurotransmitter is the primary excitatory NT?
Definition
glutamate
Term
Which neurotransmitter is the primary inhibitory NT?
Definition
GABA
Term
What is the primary function of metabotropic postsynaptic receptors?
Definition
Activate second-messenger systems
Term
What are some drugs that block Na+ channels?
Definition
Local anesthetics, e.g. lidocaine
(Class Ia, Ib, Ic)
Pufferfish tetrodotoxin (TTX)
Term
What are some drugs that block K+ channels?
Definition
4-aminopyridine (4-AP), tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA)
(Class III)
Term
What is the MOA of curare?
Definition
Blocks nicotinic ACh receptors -> muscle relaxation
Antidote = acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (e.g. neostigmine)
Term
What affect on the NS does triethyl tin have?
Definition
Intra myelin split intoxication- forms focal swellings in the CNS myelin; PNS not affected
Term
Are heavy metals (e.g. Ba, Cs, etc) more toxic to the CNS or PNS?
Definition
CNS
Term
What is allergic encephalomyelitis?
Definition
Central demylelination caused by antibodies against central basic protein
Term
What is allergic neuritis?
Definition
Peripheral demyelination caused by antibodies against peripheral basic protein
Term
Where are GABAc receptors located?
Definition
Retina
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