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Anatomy- Muscles
Muscle origins, insertions and actions
338
Health Care
Graduate
03/04/2012

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Cards

Term
Rotator Cuff involves these four muscles:
Definition

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor (Biceps)

Supscapularis

(SIT-S)

Term
Subscapularis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Subscapular Fossa
Term
Subscapularis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lesser tubercle of the Humerus 
Term
Subscapularis ACTIONS
Definition

Rotates the head of the Humerus medially (internal rotation)

 

Term
Supraspinatus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Term
Supraspinatus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Superior facet of greater tubercle of the Humerus 
Term
Supraspinatus ACTION
Definition

Abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint

 

Term
Infraspinatus PROXIMAL ORIGIN
Definition
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Term
Infraspinatus DISTAL ORIGIN
Definition
Middle facet of greater tubercle of the Humerus
Term
Infraspinatus ACTION
Definition

Horizontal extension and lateral rotation of the Humerus at the shoulder joint

Major external rotator of the shoulder

Term
Teres Minor PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral border of the scapula
Term
Teres Minor DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of the Humerus 
Term
Teres Minor ACTION
Definition
Laterally (external) rotates the arm
Term
Subacromial Bursa DEFINITION
Definition
Synovial membrane just below the acromion of the shoulder; extends above the humeral head to form a bursa between the humeral head and the overlying acromial process
Term
Pectoralis Major PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition

Clavicular head: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle

Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternum

Term
Pectoralis Major DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition

Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the Humerus

(overlies biceps tendon) 

Term
Pectoralis Major ACTION
Definition

Flexion of the Humerus

Adducts the Humerus

Rotates Humerus medially

Aids in deep inspiration

Term
Biceps Brachii PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition

Short head: corocoid process of the scapula

Long head: supraglenoid tubercle

Term
Biceps Brachii DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia on medial part of forearm 
Term
Biceps Brachii ACTION
Definition

Flexes elbow

Supinates forearm 

Term
Deltoid PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition

1. Anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle

2. Superior surface of the acromion process

3. Lower lip of the posterior border of the spine of the scapula

Term
Deltoid DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Deltoid tuberosity of Humerus
Term
Deltoid ACTION
Definition
Shoudler abduction, flexion and extension 
Term
Latissimus Dorsi PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition

Spinous processes of T7-L5

Thoracolumbar fascia

Iliac crest

Term
Latissimus Dorsi DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Floor of intertubercular groove of the Humerus
Term
Latissimus Dorsi ACTION
Definition
Adducts, extends and internally rotates the arm 
Term
Pectoralis Minor PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Third to fifth ribs, near costal cartilages 
Term
Pectoralis Minor DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula
Term
Pectoralis Minor ACTION
Definition
Stablizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall
Term
Teres Major PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula
Term
Teres Major DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the Humerus
Term
Teres Major ACTION
Definition
Internal (medial) rotation of the Humerus
Term
Brachial Plexus Cords
Definition

Lateral Cord (Median nerve branches where Lateral and Medial cord meet)

Medial Cord (Ulnar nerve branches from here)

Posterior Cord (Radial nerve branches from here)

Term
Median Nerve is innervated by: 
Definition
T1, C8, C7, C6 and sometimes C5
Term
Radial Nerve is innervated by:
Definition
C5, C6, C7, C8 and sometimes T1
Term
Ulnar nerve is innervated by:
Definition
C8 and T1
Term
Internal rotation of L shoulder
Definition
Feel Greater Tubercle
Term
External roation of L shoulder
Definition
Feel Lesser Tubercle 
Term
Brachioradialis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral supracondylar ridge of the Humerus
Term
Brachioradialis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Distal Radius (radial styloid process)
Term
Brachioradialis ACTION
Definition

Flexion of the forearm at the elbow

(capable of both pronation and supination)

Term
Pronator Teres PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition

Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus

Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna

Term
Pronator Teres DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Middle of the lateral surface of the body of the radius
Term
Pronator Teres ACTION
Definition

Pronation of forearm

Flexes elbow

Term
Flexor Carpi Radialis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial epicondyle of Humerus
Term
Flexor Carpi Radialis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Bases of second and third metacarpal bones
Term
Flexor Carpi Radialis ACTION
Definition
Flex and abduct the hand at the wrist
Term
Palmaris Longus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial epicondyle of Humerus
Term
Palmaris Longus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Palmar aponeurosis
Term
Palmaris Longus ACTION
Definition
Wrist flexor
Term
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition

Humeral head: medial epicondyle of the Humerus

Ulnar head: medial margin of the olecranon of the Ulna

Term
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Pisiform bone
Term
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ACTION
Definition
Flexion and adduction of the wrist
Term
Flexor Pollicis Longus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Palmar surface of the body of the Radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane
Term
Flexor Pollicis Longus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Term
Flexor Pollicis Longus ACTION
Definition
Flexion of the thumb
Term
Flexor Digitorum Profundus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Upper 3/4 of the anterior and medial surfaces of the Ulna, interosseous membrane and deep fascia of the forearm
Term
Flexor Digitorum Profundus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Base of the distal phalanges of the fingers
Term
Flexor Digitorum Profundus ACTION
Definition
Flex hand/wrist and interphalangeal joints
Term

Abductor Digiti Minimi PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Pisiform bone
Term

Abductor Digiti Minimi DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on the ulnar or medial side
Term

Abductor Digiti Minimi ACTION

Definition
Abducts little finger
Term

Abductor Pollicis Brevis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Transverse carpal ligament, the scaphoid and the trapezium bones
Term

Abductor Pollicis Brevis DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors
Term

Abductor Pollicis Brevis ACTION

Definition

Abduction of the thumb (by acting across the carpometacarpal joint and the metacarpophalangeal joint)

Assists in opposition and extention of the thumb

Term
Flexor Pollicis Brevis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Trapezium bone, flexor retinaculum
Term
Flexor Pollicis Brevis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Thumb, proximal phalanx
Term
Flexor Pollicis Brevis ACTION
Definition
Flexes the thumb (at the first metacarpophalangeal joint)
Term
Triceps Brachii PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Lateral head: posterior Humerus

Medial head: posterior Humerus

Term
Triceps Brachii DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Olecranon process of Ulna
Term
Triceps Brachii ACTION
Definition

Extends forearm

Extends shoulder

Term
Trapezius PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition

Upper: external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament

Middle: spinous processes of C7, T1, T2 and T3

Lower: spinous processes of remaining thoracic vertebra

Term
Trapezius DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula 
Term
Trapezius ACTION
Definition
Rotation, retraction, elevation and depression of scapula 
Term
Rhomboid Major PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Spinous processes of T2-T5
Term
Rhomboid Major DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial border of scapula (directly inferior to rhomboid minor)
Term
Rhomboid Major ACTION
Definition
Retracts and rotates the scapula to depress the glenoid cavity
Term
Rhomboid Minor PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Spinous processes of C7-T1
Term
Rhomboid Minor DISTAL ATTACHMENTS
Definition
Medial border of the scapula
Term
Rhomboid Minor ACTION
Definition
Retracts and rotates scapula; fixes scapula to thoracic wall 
Term
Levator Scapulae PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
Term
Levator Scapulae DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Superior part of medial border of scapula
Term
Levator Scapulae ACTION
Definition
Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
Term
Serratus Anterior PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Fleshy slips from outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs
Term
Serratus Anterior DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Costal aspect of medial margin of scapula
Term
Serratus Anterior ACTION
Definition
Protracts and stabilizes scapula, abducts and raises arm; horizonal arm movements
Term
Splenius Capitus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T3
Term
Splenius Capitis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone 
Term
Splenius Capitis ACTION
Definition
Extend, rotate and laterally flex the head
Term
Splenius Cervicis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Spinous processes of T3-T6
Term
Splenius Cervicis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Transverse processes of C1-C3
Term
Splenius Cervicis ACTION
Definition
Extends head and neck; lateral flexion and rotation to same side
Term
Erector Spinae PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Sacrum, erecgtor spinae aponeurosis, iliac crest, transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
Term
Erector Spinae DISTAL ATTACHMENTS
Definition
Angle of ribs, transverse processes of thoracic or cervical vertebrae and upper lumbar vertebrae
Term
Erector Spinae ACTION
Definition
Extend vertebral column, bend vertebral column
Term
Semispinalis Capitis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Transverse processes of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae 
Term
Semispinalis Capitis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Occipital bone 
Term
Semispinalis Capitis ACTION
Definition
Extends head
Term
Multifidi PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Sacrum, erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS, iliac crest
Term
Multifidi DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Spinous processes
Term
Multifidi ACTION
Definition
Stabilizes vertebrae 
Term
Longus Colli PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Transverse processes of C5-T3
Term
Longus Colli DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Atlas
Term
Longus Colli ACTION
Definition
Flexes neck and head
Term
Longus Capitis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C6
Term
Longus Capitis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Basilar part of occipital bone
Term
Longus Capitis ACTION
Definition
Flexion of neck
Term
Sternocleidomastoid PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle
Term
Sternocleidomastoid DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Term
Sternocleidomastoid ACTION
Definition
Head flexion; rotates head toward opposite side
Term
Nuchal Ligament PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
External occipital protuberance 
Term
Nuchal Ligament DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Spinous process of C7
Term
Suboccipital Triangle Muscles
Definition

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

Obliquus Capitis Superior 

Obliquus Capitis Inferior 

Term
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Spinous process of axis (C2)
Term
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
Term
Obliquus Capitis Superior PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral mass of atlas (C1)
Term
Obliquus Capitis Superior DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral half of inferior nuchal line
Term
Obliquus Capitis Inferior PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Spinous process of axis (C2)
Term
Obliquus Capitis Inferior DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral mass of atlas (C1)
Term
Coracobrachialis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Caracoid process of scapula
Term
Coracobrachialis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial humerus 
Term
Coracobrachialis ACTION
Definition
Adducts humerus, flexes arm
Term
Brachialis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Anterior surface of humerus, distal half
Term
Brachialis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Coronoid process of ulna
Term
Brachialis ACTION
Definition
Major elbow flexor 
Term
Anconeus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral epicondyle of humerus 
Term
Anconeus DISTAL ATTACHMENT 
Definition
Lateral aspect of the olecranon process
Term
Anconeus ACTION
Definition
Extension of forearm; stabilizes elbow during pronation and supination 
Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Posterior base of 2nd metacarpal 
Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus ACTION
Definition
Extends and abducts wrist
Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Base of 3rd metacarpal 
Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis ACTION
Definition
Extends and abducts wrist
Term
Extensor Digitorum PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Term
Extensor Digitorum DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Extensor expansion of 2nd-5th middle, distal phalanges
Term
Extensor Digitorum ACTION
Definition
Extends fingers and wrist 
Term
Extensor Digiti Minimi PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral epicondyle of humerus 
Term
Extensor Digiti Minimi DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Extensor expansion of 5th digit 
Term
Extensor Digiti Minimi ACTION
Definition
Extends 5th digit
Term
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
Term
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Posterior base of 5th metacarpal
Term
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris ACTION
Definition
Extends and adducts wrist
Term
Supinator PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral and annular ligaments
Term
Supinator DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral proximal radial shaft 
Term
Supinator ACTION
Definition
Supinates forearm
Term
Abductor Pollicis Longus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Posterior surface of radius and ulna
Term
Abductor Pollicis Longus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Base of first metacarpal
Term
Abductor Pollicis Longus ACTION
Definition
Abducts and extends thumb
Term
Extensor Pollicis Longus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Posterior surface of middle of ulna
Term
Extensor Pollicis Longus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Base of distal phallanx of thumb
Term
Extensor Pollicis Longus ACTION
Definition
Extends thumb at MCP and IP joints
Term
Extensor Pollicis Brevis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Posterior surface of radius and ulna
Term
Extensor Pollicis Brevis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Proximal phalanx, thumb
Term
Extensor Pollicis Brevis ACTION
Definition
Extends thumb at MCP joint
Term
Extensor Indicis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Posterior surface of middle of ulna
Term
Extensor Indicis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Index finger
Term
Extensor Indicis ACTION
Definition
Extends index finger and wrist
Term
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial epincondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, shaft of radius
Term
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Anterior margins on the bases of the middle phalanges of fingers 2-5
Term
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ACTION
Definition
Flexor of fingers 2-5 (PIP)
Term
Pronator Quadratus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial, anterior surface of the ulna
Term

Pronator Quadratus DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Lateral, anterior surface of the radius
Term

Pronator Quadratus ACTION

Definition
Pronates the forearm
Term
Opponens Pollicis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Trapezium and transverse carpal ligament
Term

Opponens Pollicis DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Metacarpal bone of the thumb on the radial side
Term

Opponens Pollicis ACTION

Definition
Flexion of the thumb's metacarpal; aids in opposition of the thumb
Term
Flexor Digiti Minimi PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Hamate bone
Term
Flexor Digiti Minimi DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of minimi
Term
Flexor Digiti Minimi ACTION
Definition
Flexes little finger
Term
Opponens Digiti Minimi PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Term
Opponens Digiti Minimi DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial border of 5th metacarpal
Term
Opponens Digiti Minimi ACTION
Definition
Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it
Term
Adductor Pollicis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition

Transverse head: anterior body of third metacarpal

Oblique head: bases of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Term

Adductor Pollicis DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Term

Adductor Pollicis ACTION

Definition
Adducts the thumb
Term
Lumbricals PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Flexor digitorum profundus
Term
Lumbricals DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Extensor expansion
Term
Lumbricals ACTION
Definition
Flex MCP joints; extend IP joints
Term
Palmar Interossei PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Metacarpals
Term
Palmar Interossei DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Proximal phalanges
Term
Palmar Interossei ACTION
Definition
Adduct fingers
Term
Dorsal Interossei PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Metacarpals
Term
Dorsal Interossei DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Proximal phalanges
Term
Dorsal Interossei ACTION
Definition
Abduct fingers
Term
Psoas Major PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Transverse processes of T12-L5 and the lateral aspects of the disks between them
Term
Psoas Major DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lesser trochanter of the femur
Term
Psoas Major ACTION
Definition
Flexes and rotates thigh laterally
Term
Iliacus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Iliac fossa
Term
Iliacus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lesser trochanter of the femur
Term
Iliacus ACTION
Definition
Flexes and rotates the thigh laterally
Term
Quadratus Lumborum PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
Term
Quadratus Lumborum DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Term
Quadratus Lumborum ACTION
Definition
Lateral flexion of vertebral column
Term
Rectus Femoris PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
Term
Quadriceps
Definition

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Medialis

Vastus Intermedius

Term
Rectus Femoris DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Patellar tendon
Term
Rectus Femoris ACTION
Definition
Knee extension; hip flexion
Term
Vastus Lateralis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Greater trochanter, interocanteric line and linea spera of femur
Term
Vastus Lateralis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Patella via quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Term
Vastus Lateralis ACTION
Definition
Extends and stablizes knee
Term
Vastus Medialis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial side of femur
Term
Vastus Medialis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Patella via quadriceps tendon
Term
Vastus Medialis ACTION
Definition
Extends knee
Term
Vastus Intermedius PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Anterior and lateral surfaces of proximal femur
Term
Vastus Intermedius DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Patella via quadriceps tendon
Term
Vastus Intermedius ACTION
Definition
Extends knee
Term
Sartorius PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Inferior to the anterior superior iliac spine
Term
Sartorius DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Anteromedial surface of the proximal tibia
Term
Sartorius ACTION
Definition
Flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of the hip; flexion of knee
Term
Pectineus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Superior pubic ramus
Term
Pectineus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Pectineal line of the femur
Term
 Pectineus ACTION
Definition
Flexion, adduction and medial rotation of hip
Term
Gracilis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Ischiopubic ramus
Term
Gracilis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial surface of tibial shaft (inferior to medial condyle)
Term
Gracilis ACTION
Definition
Flexion, medial rotation and adduction of the hip; flexes the knee
Term
Adductor Longus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Pubic body just below pubic crest
Term

Adductor Longus DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Middle third of linea aspera
Term

Adductor Longus ACTION

Definition
Adducton, flexion and medial rotation of hip
Term

Adductor Brevis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Anterior surface of inferior ramus of pubis
Term
Adductor Brevis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lesser trochanter and linea aspera of femur
Term
Adductor Brevis ACTION
Definition
Adduction of the hip
Term
Adductor Magus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Pubis, tuberosity of the ischium 
Term
Adductor Magus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Linea aspera
Term
Adductor Magus ACTION
Definition
Adduction, flexion (adductor portion) and extension (hamstring portion) of hip
Term
Hamstrings
Definition

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Biceps Femoris

Term
Semimembranosus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Ischial tuberosity
Term
Semimembranosus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial condyle of tibia
Term
Semimembranosus ACTION
Definition
Hip extension; knee flexion 
Term
Semitendinosus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Ischial tuberosity
Term

Semitendinosus DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
Term

Semitendinosus ACTION

Definition
Extends hip; flexes knee
Term
Biceps Femoris PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition

Long head: ischial tuberosity

Short head: linea aspera of distal femur

Term

Biceps Femoris DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Term

Biceps Femoris ACTION

Definition
Flexion and lateral rotation of knee; extension of hip (long head)
Term
Tensor Fascia Latae PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Iliac crest
Term
Tensor Fascia Latae DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Iliotibial tract
Term
Tensor Fascia Latae ACTION
Definition
Flexion, medial roation and abduction of hip
Term
Gluteus Maximus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT 
Definition
Gluteal surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx
Term
Gluteus Maximus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Gluteal tuberosity of the femur, iliotibial tract
Term
Gluteus Maximus ACTION
Definition
External rotation and extension of hip
Term
Gluteus Medius PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Gluteal surface of ilium
Term

Gluteus Medius DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Greater trochanter of the femur
Term

Gluteus Medius ACTION

Definition
Abduction and medial rotation of hip
Term

Gluteus Minimus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Gluteal surface of ilium
Term

 

Gluteus Minimus DISTAL ATTACHMENT

 

Definition
Greater trochanter of the femur
Term

 

Gluteus Minimus ACTION

 

Definition
Abduction and medial rotation of the hip
Term
Piriformis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Sacrum
Term
Piriformis DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Greater trochanter of femur
Term
Piriformis ACTION
Definition
Lateral rotation of hip
Term
Short Lateral Rotators
Definition

Superior Gemellus

Inferior Gemellus

Obturator Internus

Obturator Externus

Term
Superior Gemellus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Ischial spine
Term
Superior Gemellus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Obturator internus tendon
Term
Superior Gemellus ACTION
Definition
Lateral rotation of hip
Term
Inferior Gemellus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Ischial tuberosity
Term

Inferior Gemellus DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Obturator internus tendon
Term

Inferior Gemellus ACTION

Definition
Lateral rotation of hip
Term
Obturator Internus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Ischiopubic ramus and obturator membrane
Term
Obturator Internus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial aspect of the greater trochanter of femur
Term
Obturator Internus ACTION
Definition
Abduction and lateral rotation of hip
Term
Obturator Externus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Obturator foramen and obturator membrane
Term
Obturator Externus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Trochanteric fossa of femur
Term
Obturator Externus ACTION
Definition
Adduction and lateral rotation of thigh
Term
Quadratus Femoris PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Ischial tuberosity
Term

Quadratus Femoris DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Intertrochanteric crest of femur
Term

Quadratus Femoris ACTION

Definition
Adduction and lateral rotation of hip
Term
Gastrocnemius PROXIMAL ATTACHMENTS
Definition
Two heads: lateral and medial condyles of distal femur
Term

Gastrocnemius DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Achilles tendon (calcaneal tendon) into mid-posterior calcaneus
Term

Gastrocnemius ACTION

Definition
Plantar flexion of foot; flexes knee when foot is dorsiflexed 
Term
Plantaris PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral condylar ridge of femur above gastrocnemius
Term
Plantaris DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Calcaneal tendon, medial side deep to gastrocnemius
Term
Plantaris ACTION
Definition
Plantar flexion of foot; knee flexion
Term
Popliteus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Lateral condyle of femur
Term
Popliteus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial surface of the proximal tibia
Term
Popliteus ACTION
Definition
Lateral rotation of hip; flexion of knee
Term
Soleus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Fibula, medial border of proximal tibia
Term
Soleus DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Achilles tendon (calcaneal tendon) into posterior calcaneus
Term
Soleus ACTION
Definition
Plantar flexion of foot
Term
Flexor Digitorum Longus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Posterior surface of the body of the tibia
Term

Flexor Digitorum Longus DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Plantar surface, base of the distal phalanges of the four toes
Term

Flexor Digitorum Longus ACTION

Definition
Flexes toes
Term
Flexor Hallucis Longus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Posterior aspect of middle 1/3 fibula
Term

Flexor Hallucis Longus DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Plantar surface, base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Term

Flexor Hallucis Longus ACTION

Definition
Flexes all joints of big toe; plantar flexion of ankle joint
Term
Tibialis Posterior PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Inner posterior borders of tibia and fibula
Term

Tibialis Posterior DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Navicular, medial cuneiform
Term

Tibialis Posterior ACTION

Definition
Inversion and plantar flexion of ankle
Term

Tibialis Anterior PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Lateral condyle and upper half of lateral suface of tibia
Term

 

Tibialis Anterior DISTAL ATTACHMENT

 

Definition
Medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of foot
Term

 

Tibialis Anterior ACTION

 

Definition
Dorsiflexion and inversion of ankle
Term
Extensor Hallucis Longus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Anterior surface of middle fibula
Term

Extensor Hallucis Longus DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Dorsal side of the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe
Term

Extensor Hallucis Longus ACTION

Definition
Extends big toe; dorsiflexion of ankle
Term

Extensor Digitorum Longus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Anterior lateral condyle of tibia, anterior shaft of fibula
Term

 

Extensor Digitorum Longus DISTAL ATTACHMENT

 

Definition
Dorsal surface, middle and distal phalanges of later four digits
Term

 

Extensor Digitorum Longus ACTION

 

Definition
Extension of toes; dorsiflexion of ankle
Term
Fibularis Tertius PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Distal anterior surface of the fibula
Term
Fibularis Tertius DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Dorsal surface of metatarsal five
Term
Fibularis Tertius ACTION
Definition
Dorsiflexion and eversion of ankle
Term
Fibularis Longus PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Head of fibula
Term

Fibularis Longus DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Plantar surface, medial cuneiform and first metatarsal
Term

Fibularis Longus ACTION

Definition
Plantar flexion and eversion of ankle
Term

Fibularis Brevis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Distal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
Term

 

Fibularis Brevis DISTAL ATTACHMENT

 

Definition
Lateral side of the base of the fifth metatarsal bone
Term

 

Fibularis Brevis ACTION

 

Definition
Plantar flexion and eversion of ankle
Term

 

Extensor Digitorum Brevis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT

 

Definition
Dorsal suface of calcaneus
Term

 

Extensor Digitorum Brevis DISTAL ATTACHMENT

 

Definition
Proximal dorsal region of middle phalanges, 2, 3 and 4
Term

 

Extensor Digitorum Brevis ACTION

 

Definition
Extends digits 2, 3 and 4
Term

 

Flexor Digitorum Brevis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT

 

Definition
Calcaneus, sole of foot
Term

 

Flexor Digitorum Brevis DISTAL ATTACHMENT

 

Definition
Phalanges 2-5, plantar side
Term

 

Flexor Digitorum Brevis ACTION

 

Definition
Flexes lateral four toes
Term
Abductor Hallucis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus
Term

Abductor Hallucis DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Medial aspect of base of first phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Term

Abductor Hallucis ACTION

Definition
Abducts hallux (big toe)
Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi (of foot) PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Plantar aponeurosis
Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi (of foot) DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Fibular side of the base of the phalanx of the fifth toe
Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi (of foot) ACTION
Definition
Flex and abduct the fifth toe
Term
Quadratus Plantae PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial concave surface of calcaneus and the lateral border of the inferior surface of the calcaneus (plantar surface)
Term

Quadratus Plantae DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Term

Quadratus Plantae ACTION

Definition
Flexion of DIP joints of toes
Term
Lumbricals (of foot) PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Medial borders of long flexor tendons
Term

Lumbricals (of foot) DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Proximal phalanges and extensor tendons of the four lateral toes
Term

Lumbricals (of foot) ACTION

Definition
Flexes MTP joints; extends IP joints
Term
Flexor Hallucis Brevis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Plantar surface of the cuneiform bones
Term

Flexor Hallucis Brevis DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Medial and lateral sesamoid bones of first metatarsal
Term

Flexor Hallucis Brevis ACTION

Definition
Flex hallux (big toe)
Term
Adductor Hallucis PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition

Oblique head: proximal ends of middle three metatarsal bones

Transverse head: MTP ligaments of middle three toes

(plantar surface

Term

Adductor Hallucis DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Lateral side of base of phalanx of big toe
Term

Adductor Hallucis ACTION

Definition
Adducts hallux (big toe)
Term
 Flexor Digiti Minimi (of foot) PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Fifth metatarsal bone (plantar surface)
Term
 Flexor Digiti Minimi (of foot) DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Phalanx of fifth toe (plantar surface)
Term
 Flexor Digiti Minimi (of foot) ACTION
Definition
Flex and adduct the fifth toe
Term
Plantar Interossei PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Metatarsals (plantar surface)
Term

Plantar Interossei DISTAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Proximal phalanges (plantar surface)
Term

Plantar Interossei ACTION

Definition
Adduct toes
Term

Dorsal Interossei (of foot) PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT

Definition
Metatarsals (dorsal surface)
Term
Dorsal Interossei (of foot) DISTAL ATTACHMENT
Definition
Proximal phalanges (dorsal surface)
Term
Dorsal Interossei (of foot) ACTION
Definition
Abduct toes
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