Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Anatomy, Embryology, and Overview
Clinical Medicine ENT
39
Medical
Graduate
12/02/2010

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

how many pharyngeal arches

 

which one disappears

Definition

6 and then 5

 

5 almost as quickly as it develops

Term
first pharyngeal arch gives rise to what structure(s)
Definition
mandible and incus and malleus
Term

second pharyngeal arch gives rise to what structure(s)

Definition
hyoid and stapes
Term

third pharyngeal arch gives rise to what structure(s)

Definition
hyoid and thymus
Term

forth pharyngeal arch gives rise to what structure(s)

Definition
soft palate
Term

fifth pharyngeal arch gives rise to what structure(s)

Definition
nothing, it disappears remember!
Term

sixth pharyngeal arch gives rise to what structure(s)

Definition
larynx
Term

first pharyngeal arch gives rise to what arteries and nerves

Definition
trigeminal n and external carotid artery
Term

second pharyngeal arch gives rise to what arteries and nerves

Definition

facial nerve and stapedial artery

 

(CN VII)

Term

 

third pharyngeal arch gives rise to what arteries and nerves

 

Definition

glossopharyngeal nerve and internal carotid artery

 

(CN IX)

Term

 

forth pharyngeal arch gives rise to what arteries and nerves

 

Definition

superior laryngeal of the vagus nerve (CN X)

 

and aortic arch and subclavian arteries

Term

 

fifth pharyngeal arch gives rise to what arteries and nerves

 

Definition
none!
Term

 

sixth pharyngeal arch gives rise to what arteries and nerves

 

Definition

recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus (CN X)

 

and pulmonary artery

Term
which weeks of gestation are most critical for head and neck structures
Definition
first 8
Term
when are most ear structures formed
Definition

15th week of gestation

 

so if structurally correct, but small- problem occurred after 15weeks

Term

pharyngeal clefts give rise to what developments of the ear

 

pharyngeal pouches

Definition

clefts:  external development

 

pouches:  internal development and a/n/cartilage

Term

how much of the external auditory canal is cartilage and how much is osseous

 

what about the eustachian tube

 

what are the functions of each

Definition

canal:  1/3 cartilage and 2/3 osseous

allows sounds waves to come in and stay there

 

 

eu tube:  2/3 cartilage and 1/3 osseousfor equalizing pressure

Term
which ossicle is at greatest risk for necrosis and why
Definition
long process of the incus because it receives the least blood supply
Term
at what age does the eustachian tube reach adult size
Definition
10
Term
which part of the eustachian tube is lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
Definition
cartilagenous
Term

in kids what muscles open the eustachian tube

 

in adults

Definition

tensor palatini

 

tensor palatini and levator veli palatini

Term

what nerve innervates the tensor palatini

 

the levator veli palatini

Definition

CN V:  trigeminal nerve

 

CN X:  vagus nerve

Term
what is the function of the auditory ossicles
Definition
to increase and amplify the vibrations of the sound waves and transmit them to the inner ear/cochlea
Term
describe what conductive hearing is
Definition

process of collecting sound waves and channeling them down the ear canal where they cause the TM to vibrate

 

TM vibration causes ossicles to move, which increase and amplify the vibrations even more- effectively transmitting them to the cochlea

Term
describe sensorineural hearing
Definition

vibrations from the ossicles cause fluid to move in the cochlea which move tiny hair cells

 

this causes an electrical signal to be sent along the auditory nerve which the brain translates into the sounds

Term
the entire respiratory system is an outgrowth of what
Definition
the primitive pharynx- single tube becomes two
Term
which vertebrae does the larynx sit in front of
Definition
4,5,6 cervical vertebrae
Term
where does the cricoid cartilage lie in kids and adults
Definition

directly below the thyroid cartilage

 

kids:  C3/4

 

adults:  C6/7

Term
what cartilage opens and closes the larynx
Definition
arytenoid cartilage (also attaches vocal cords to posterior larynx)
Term
what acts as a laryngeal shield
Definition
epiglottis
Term
what nerves innervate the larynx
Definition
superior laryngeal and inferior (recurrent) laryngeal nerves off of the vagus
Term
what are the functions of the larynx
Definition

protection- prevents anything but air from entering

 

respiration- via active muscular dilation of laryngeal aperature

 

phonation:  by vibration of the vocal cords

Term

at what age are all 20 baby teeth usually in place

 

when do they begin to fall out

Definition

two and half years old

 

six, by thirteen usually all are gone

Term
where does the nose receive its blood supply from and what innervates it
Definition

internal and external carotid

 

anterior ethmoid ganglion and sphenopalatine nerve

Term
functions of the nose
Definition

respiration:  heat exchange, humidification, filtration

 

olfaction

 

phonation

Term

where is the ethmoid sinus located

 

sphenoid

Definition

between the middle turbinate and medial orbital wall

 

in sphenoid bone behind upper nasal cavity right below sella turcica

Term
where do each of the sinuses open into
Definition

maxillary- middle meatus of nose

 

frontal- middle meatus

 

ethmoid- between middle turbinate and medial orbital wall

 

sphenoid- superior meatus

Term
when are the sinuses present and fully developed
Definition

maxillary- 3yrs

 

frontal- present at 8yrs and developed by 12yrs

 

ethmoid- 3yrs

 

sphenoid- present at 3yrs and developed by 12yrs

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