O: C7-T12 spinous processes, nuchal ligament, superior nuchal line, & inion

I: lateral 1/2 of the clavicle & spine of scapula (low trap part of triangle of auscultation at IC space 6)

N: spinal acessory nerve & C3-4 VPR (UT=C4)

F: scapular protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, & upward rotation

O: T7-12 spinous processes, posterior iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, ribs 9-12, & inferior angle of scapula

I: floor of intertubercular groove (part of triangle of auscultation at IC space 6)

N: thoracodorsal nerve (C5-8)

F: extension, internal rotation, & adduction of the arm

O: transverse processes of C1-4

I: superomedial border of scapula

N: dorsal scapular nerve & C3-4 VPR (C5)

F: shoulder elevation, inferior rotation of scapula, ipsilateral neck sidebending

O: T2-5 spinous processes

I: inferomedial border of scapula (part of triangle of auscultation at IC space 6)

N: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)

F: scapular retraction, downward rotation, & stabilization

O: C7-T1 spinous processes & nuchal ligament

I: medial scapula, between levator scapulae & rhomboid major

N: dorsal scapular nerve (C5-6)

F: scapular retraction, downward rotation, & stability

O: C7-T3 spinous processes & nuchal ligament

I: superior surfaces of ribs 2-5

N: VPR 

F: elevate ribs to assist with inspiration

O: T11-L2 spinous processes

I: rib 9-12 inferior surfaces

N: VPR & DPR

F: facilitates inspiration

O: C7-T3 spinous processes & nuchal ligament

I: lateral mastoid process

N: DPR

F: ipsilateral neck rotation & side-bending, neck extension, & trunk stability

O: T3-6 spinous processes

I: C2-4 transverse processes

N: DPR

F: ipsilateral trunk side-bending and rotation, extension, & trunk stability

O: posterior ilium & sacrum, low lumbar & sacrum spinous processes, sacral-iliac ligament

I:Lumborum: Lower 6 ribs

Thoracis: Upper 6 ribs

Cervicis: C4-6 transverse processes

N: DPR (T1-12, L1-5, S1-3)

F: ipsilateral side-bending and rotation & trunk extension

O: posterior ilium and sacrum, low lumbar and sacral spinous processes, & posterior sacral-iliac ligament

I:Thoracis: thoracic transverse processes

Cervicis: cervical transverse processes

Capitis: posterior mastoid process

N: DPR (T1-12, L1-5, S1-3)

F: ipsilateral side-bending and rotation, trunk control & extension

O:Thoracis: low thoracic spinous processes

Cervical: low cervical spinous processes

Capitis: mid-low cervical spinous processes

I: Thoracis: upper thoracic spinous processes

Cervical: upper cervical spinous processes

Capitis: blends with fibers of semispinaliscapitis

N: DPR (T1-12, L1-5, S1-3)

F: extend & stabilize trunk

O:Thoracis: low thoracic transverse processes

Cervicis: low cervical & upper thoracictransverse processes

Capitis: mid-low cervical transverse processes

I: Thoracis: upper thoracic spinous processes

Cervicis: upper cervical spinous processes

Capitis: between & including superior &inferior nuchal lines

N: DPR (T1-12, L1-5, S1-3)

F: contralateral trunk rotation, ipsilateral side-bending, trunk extension, & trunk stability

O: lumbar mamillary processes

I: lumbar spinous processes

N: DPR (T1-12, L1-5, S1-3)

F: trunk contralateral rotation, ipsilateral side-bending, extension, & stabilization

O: transverse processes

I:Long: spinous process 2 vertebra up

Short: spinous process 1 vertebra up

N: DPR (T1-12, L1-5, S1-3)

F: contralateral trunk rotation, ipsilateral side-bending, extension

O: spinous process one vertebra below

I: spinous process one vertebra above

N: DPR (T1-12, L1-5, S1-3)

F: trunk extension & stability

O: transverse process one vertebra below

I: transverse process  one vertebra above

N: DPR (T1-12, L1-5, S1-3)

F: trunk ipsilateral side-bending, extension, & stabilization

O: thoracic transverse processes

I: inferiorly onto associated rib

N: DPR (T1-12)

F: assist with inspiration

O: C2 bifid spinous process

I: inferior nuchal line, between obliquus capitis superior & rectus capitis posterior minor

N: suboccipital nerve (C1 DPR)

F: ipsilaterally side-bend & rotate head, & postural head control

O: C1 posterior tubercle

I: mid-lateral inferior nuchal line, medial to rectus capitis posterior major

N: suboccipital nerve (C1 DPR)

F: ipsilateral neck rotation & sidebending, neck extension, & head postural control

O: transverse process of C1

I: lateral inferior nuchal line

N: suboccipital nerve (C1 DPR)

F: ipsilateral neck rotation & side bending, & head postural control

O: C2 bifid spinous process

I: C1 transverse process

N: suboccipital nerve (C1 DPR)

F: ipsilateral neck side-bending & rotation, & head postural control

O: lateral 1/2 of clavicle, acromion process, & spine of scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

N: axillary nerve (C5-6)

F: flexion, abduction, extension, & external rotation of shoulder

O: inferior angle of scapula

I: medial lip of intertubercular groove

N: lower subscapular nerve (C5-8)

F: shoulder internal rotation, adduction & scapular stabilization

O: supraspinatus fossa

I: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

N: suprascapular nerve (C4-6)

F: external rotation & initiation of abduction of the shoulder and stabilization of scapula

O: infraspinatus fossa

I: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

N: suprascapular nerve (C4-6)

F: shoulder external rotation & stabilization

O: lateral border of scapula, just above teres major

I: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

N: axillary nerve (C4-5)

F: external rotation and stabilization of the shoulder

O: subscapular fossa

I: lesser tubercle of the humerus

N: upper & lower subscapular nerves

F: internal rotation and stabilization of shoulder

O:sternocostal head: lateral sternum, costalcartilage of ribs 1-6, & external abdominaloblique

clavicular head: medial 1/2 of the clavicle

I: lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

N: sternocostal head - medial pectoral nerve; clavicular head - lateral pectoral nerve (C5-8 & T1)

F: horizontally adduct, internal rotation, adduction of arm

O: ribs 3-5

I: coracoid process

N: medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)

F: stabilize shoulder against ribcage & anterior tipping of the scapula

O: 1st costochondral joint

I: inferior middle 1/3 of clavicle

N: nerve to subclavius

F: medial movement of clavicle & stabilizes clavicle during shoulder movement

O: ribs 1-8

I: medial border of scapula

N: long thoracic nerve (C5-7)

F: protraction, upward rotation of the scapula

O:Long head: supraglenoid tubercle

Short head: Coracoid process 

I: radial tuberosity & bicipital aponeurosis ("Grace of God" fascia)

N: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-6)

F: elbow flexion & forearm supination

O: distal anterior humerus

I: ulnar tuberosity & coranoid process

N: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-6)

F: most powerful elbow flexor

O: Coracoid process

I: middle 1/3 of humerus

N: musculocutaneous nerve (C6-7)

F: shoulder flexion & adduction

O:Long head: infraglenoid tubercle

Lateral head: posterior humerus, superiorto radial groove

Medial head: posterior humerus, inferior toradial groove

I: olecranon process

N: radial nerve (C6-8)

F: elbow extension

O: lateral humeral epicondyle

I: olecranon process & proximal ulna

N: radial nerve (C6-8)

F: facilitates pronation

O: lateral supracondylar ridge 

I: lateral distal radius

N: radial nerve (C5-6)

F: elbow flexion & plays a role in supination

O: medial humeral epicondyle & ulnar coronoid process

I: middle 1/3 radius

N: median nerve (C6-7)

F: forearm pronation

O: lateral humeral epicondyle & lateral collateral ligament

I: proximal radius

N: radial nerve (C5-6)

F: supination of the forearm

O: medial humeral epicondyle

I: ventral base of 2nd metacarpal

N: median nerve (C6-7)

F: wrist flexion & radial deviation

O:Humeral head: medial humeral epicondyle

Ulnar head: posterior ulna & olecranonprocess

I: ventral base of 5th metacarpal

N: ulnar nerve (C7-T1)

F: wrist flexion & ulnar deviation

O:Humeroulnar head: medial humeralepicondyle & coranoid process

Radial head: proximal radius

I: ventral surface of base of middle phalanx of digits 2-5

N: median nerve (C7-T1)

F: flexes wrist, MCP, and PIP of digits 2-5

O: medial humeral epicondyle

I: flexor retinaculum

N: median nerve (C7-T1)

F: wrist flexion, forms and tightens the palmar aponeurosis

O: proximal ulna & interosseous membrane

I: ventral base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5

N: median nerve (digits 2-3) & ulnar nerve (digits 4-5) (C7-T1)

F: flex wrist, MCP, PIP, & DIP

O: proximal radius and interosseous membrane

I: ventral base of distal phalanx of digit 1

N: anterior interosseous nerve (C7-T1)

F: flex wrist, thumb CMC, MCP, & IP

O: distal ulna

I: distal radius

N: anterior interosseous nerve (C6-7)

F: forearm pronation

O: distal fibers of brachioradialis & lateral supracondylar ridge

I: dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal

N: radial nerve (C6-8)

F: wrist extension & radial deviation

O: lateral humeral epicondyle

I: dorsal base of 3rd metacarpal

N: superficial radial nerve (C6-8)

F: wrist extension & radial deviation

O: lateral humeral epicondyle

I: dorsal base of 5th metacarpal

N: deep radial nerve (C6-8)

F: wrist extension & ulnar deviation

O: lateral humeral epicondyle

I: extensor expansion of digits 2-5

N: posterior interosseous nerve (C6-8)

F: extension of wrist & MCP 2-5

O: lateral humeral epicondyle

I: extensor expansion of 5th digit

N: posterior interosseous nerve (C6-8)

F: extend wrist & MCP of 2nd digit

O: posterior ulna & interosseous membrane

I: extensor expansion of digit 2

N: posterior interosseous nerve (C6-8)

F: extension of wrist & MCP of digit 2

O: posterior ulna & interosseous membrane

I: dorsal base of 1st digit distal phalanx

N: posterior interosseous nerve (C6-8)

F: extension of wrist, 1st CMC, MCP, & IP

O: posterior radius & interosseous membrane

I: dorsal base of proximal phalanx of digit 1

N: posterior interosseous nerve (C6-8)

F: extend wrist, CMC, & MCP of digit 1

O: posterior radius, ulna, & interosseous membrane

I: dorsal base of 1st metacarpal

N: posterior interosseous nerve (C7-8)

F: abduct & extend 1st CMC joint

O: flexor retinaculum & tubercles of scaphoid & trapezium

I: lateral base of proximal phalanx of digit 1

N: recurrent branch of median nerve (C7-8)

F: abduct thumb CMC

O: flexor retinaculum & trapezium tubercle

I: medial base of proximal phalanx of digit 1

N: recurrent branch of median nerve (C6-T1)

F: flexion of digit 1 CMC & MCP

O: flexor retinaculum & tubercle of trapezium

I: lateral shaft of 1st metacarpal

N: reccurent branch of medial nerve (C8-T1)

F: opposition of thumb CMC

O:       Oblique Head: Base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals,                 trapezioid, & capitate

          Transverse Head: Lateral shaft of 3rd metacarpal

I:        medial base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

N: ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

F: adduction of thumb

O: pisiform

I: lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

N: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

F: abduct pinky at MCP

O: flexor retinaculum & hook of the hamate

I: proximal phalanx of 5th digit

N: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

F: flex pinky at CMC & MCP

Opponens Digiti Minimi

O: flexor retinaculum & hook of the hamate

I: medial shaft of 5th metacarpal

N: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C7-T1)

F: opposition of pinky

O:      1st 2 lumbricals (closest to digit 1): tendons of FDP

         2nd 2 lumbricals: tendons of FDP

I:       1st 2 lumbricals: extensor expansion

         2nd 2 lumbricals: extensor expansion

N:      1st 2 lumbricals: recurrent branch of median nerve (C8-T1)

         2nd 2 lumbricals: ulnar nerve

F: flex MCP & extend IP

O:       Dorsal interossei(4): between metacarpals of                 digits 1-5

          Palmar interossei(3): Metacarpals 2, 4, & 5

I:        Dorsal interossei: Extensor expansion of digits 2-4

          Palmar interossei: Extensor expansion of digits 2,            4, & 5

N: ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

F:       Dorsal interossei: ABDuct digits 2-4

         Palmar interossei: ADDuct fingers 2, 4, & 5

O: iliac crest, posterior sacrum, coccyx, & sacrotuberous ligament

I: gluteal tuberosity of the femur & IT band

N: inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

F: most powerful hip & thigh extensor & external rotation 

O: anterior surface of the sacrum & sacrotuberous ligament

I: greater tubercle of the humerus

N: VPR of S1 & S2

F: external rotation of hip & positions the femur in the acetabulum

O: ischial spine

I: greater trochanter of the femur

N: nerve to internal obturator (L5-S1)

F: external rotation of the hip

O: medial rim of obturator foramen

I: greater trochanter of the femur

N: nerve to internal obturator (L5-S1)

F: external rotation of the hip

O: superior portion of ischial tuberosity

I: greater trochanter of the femur

N: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)

F: external rotation of the hip

O: ischial tuberosity

I: intertrochanteric groove and quadrate tubercle of femur

N: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)

F: external rotation of the hip

O: lateral portion of obturator membrane

I: intertrochanteric fossa

N: obturator nerve (L2-4)

F: external rotation of hip

O: external surface of the ilium, & anterior & posterior gluteal lines

I: greater trochanter of femur

N: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

F: abduction & stabilization of hip

O: external surface of ilium, just below gluteus medius, & anterior & inferior gluteal lines

I: greater trochanter of the femur

N: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

F: abduction & stabilization of hip 

O: transverse processes & vertebral bodies of T12-L5

I: lesser trochanter of femur

N: VPR of L1-3

F: flexion of hip & thigh

O: iliac crest, iliac fossa, & ala of sacrum

I: lesser trochanter of femur

N: femoral nerve (L2-4)

F: flexion of hip & thigh

O: tubercle of iliac crest & ASIS

I: Iliotibial tract down to lateral tibial tubercle (Gerdy's tubercle)

N: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

F: internal rotation of hip, along with some flexion & abduction

O: pectin of the pubis

I: proximal posterior femur

N: femoral nerve (L2-4)

F: hip adduction & flexion

O: pubic symphysis & crest of pubis

I: medial lip of linea aspera

N: anterior branch of obturator nerve (L2-3)

F: adduction of hip

O: inferior pubic ramus

I: distal pectineal line & medial lip of linea aspera

N: anterior branch of obturator nerve (L2-3)

F: hip adduction

O: ischial tuberosity & ischiopubic ramus

I: gluteal tuberosity, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar lines, & adductor tubercle

N: posterior division of obturator nerve (L3-4)

F: adduction & extension of hip

O: inferior ramus & body of pubis

I: superomedial tibia (part of pes anserine)

N: anterior division of obturator nerve (L2-3)

F: adduction of hip

O: ASIS

I: superomedial tibia (part of pes anserine)

N: femoral nerve (L2-4)

F: hip flexion, abduction, & external rotation with knee flexion

O: AIIS & acetabular rim

I: patella via quadriceps tendon & tibial tubercle via patellar tendon

N: femoral nerve (L2-4)

F: knee extension

O: intertrochanteric crest, medial lip of linea aspera, & medial femoral shaft

I: patella via quadriceps tendon & tibial tubercle via patellar tendon

N: femoral nerve (L2-4)

F: knee extension & patellofemoral tracking

O: intertrochanteric crest, lateral border of linea aspera, & lateral femoral shaft

I: patella via quadriceps tendon & tibial tubercle via patellar tendon

N: femoral nerve (L2-4)

F: knee extension

O: Proximal 1/3 of femoral shaft

I: patella via quadriceps tendon & tibial tubercle via patellar tendon

N: femoral nerve (L2-4)

F: knee extension

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial tibial condyle

N: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

F: knee flexion, internal rotation of tibia, & hip extension

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial tibial condyle & superomedial tibia (part of pes anserine)

N: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

F: knee flexion, internal rotation of tibia, & hip extension

O:Long head: ischial tuberosity

Short head: distal 1/2 of femur, lateralsupracondylar lines, & lateral linea aspera

I: fibular head

N: Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve(L4-S3)

Short head: fibular division of sciatic nerve(common peroneal nerve - L4-S2)

F: flex knee, external rotation of the tibia, & extend hip

O: lateral tibial condyle, superolateral 2/3 of tibia, & interosseous membrane

I: plantar surface of base of 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform

N: deep peroneal nerve (L4-5)

F: dorsiflexion & inversion

O: lateral tibial condyle, superolateral fibula, & interosseous membrane

I: middle & distal phalanges of digits 2-5

N: deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)

F: dorsiflexion & extension of digits 2-5

O: middle 1/3 of anterior fibula & interosseous membrane

I: dorsal surface of distal phalanx of digit 1

N: deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)

F: dorsiflexion of ankle & extension of great toe at IP

O: inferior 1/3 of anterior fibula & interosseous membrane

I: dorsal base of 5th metatarsal

N: deep peroneal nerve (L5-S1)

F: dorsiflexion & eversion

O: superolateral 2/3 of fibula

I: plantar surface of base of first metatarsal & medial cuneiform

N: superficial peroneal nerve (L5-S1)

F: eversion & weak plantar flexion

O: anterior surface of inferior 2/3 of fibula

I: styloid process of 5th metatarsal

N: superficial peroneal nerve (L5-S1)

F: eversion & weak plantar flexion

O: dorsolateral calcaneous & inferior extensor retinaculum

I: extensor expansion of digits 2-5

N: deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)

F: assists extensor digitorum longus (foot)

O: dorsolateral calcaneus & inferior extensor retinaculum

I: dorsal surface of proximal phalanx of digit 1

N: deep peroneal nerve (L4-S1)

F: extension of digit 1 at MTP

O: lateral femoral condyle & popliteal surface (above medial femoral condyle)

I: posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

N: tibial nerve (L5-S2)

F: plantarflexion & knee flexion

O: posterior & proximal fibula, posterior soleal line & medial surface of tibia

I: posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

N: tibial nerve (L5-S2)

F: plantarflexion

O: lateral supracondylar line & oblique popliteal ligament

I: posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

N: tibial nerve (L5-S2)

F: N/A - phylogenetically useless

O: lateral femoral condyle & lateral meniscus

I: tibia above soleal line

N: tibial nerve (L4-S1)

F: unlocks knee & weak knee flexor

O: tibia below the soleal line, posterior fibula, & interosseous membrane

I: navicular tuberosity, all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, & metatarsals 2-4

N: tibial nerve (L5-S2)

F: plantarflexion & inversion

O: tibia below soleal line

I: plantar surface of distal phalanx of digits 2-5

N: tibial nerve (L5-S2)

F: flexes digits 2-5 & weak plantarflexor

O: distal 2/3 of fibula & interosseous membrane

I: plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe

N: tibial nerve (L5-S2)

F: flexion of great toe, assists with plantarflexion & inversion

O: calcaneal tuberosity & plantar aponeurosis

I: base of proximal phalanx of digit 1

N: medial plantar nerve (L4-S1)

F: abduct great toe at MTP

O: calcaneal tuberosity & plantar aponeurosis

I: bilaterally onto middle phalanx of digits 2-5

N: medial plantar nerve (L5-S1)

F: flex digits 2-5

O: calcaneal tuberosity & plantar aponeurosis

I: base of proximal phalanx of digit 5

N: lateral plantar nerve (L5-S1)

F: abducts digit 5 at MTP

O: plantar calcaneus

I: tendons of FDL

N: lateral plantar nerve (L5-S1)

F: assists FDL in flexing digits 2-5

O: Tendons of FDL

I: extensor expansion

N: both plantar nerves (lumbrical to digit 2 = medial) (L5-S1)

F: flex MTP & extend IP's for digits 2-5

O: cubioid & lateral 2 cuneiforms

I: base of proximal phalanx of digit 1

N: medial plantar nerve (L5-S2)

F: flex great toe at MTP

O:       transverse head: metatarsals 2-4

          oblique head: plantar metatarsal ligaments

I: base of proximal phalanx of digit 1

N: lateral plantar nerve (L5-S2)

F: adduct digit 1 at MTP

O: base of 5th metatarsal

I: proximal phalanx of digit 5

N: lateral plantar nerve (L5-S2)

F: flex digit 5 at MTP

O:      Plantar: metatarsals 3-5

         Dorsal: metatarsals 1-5

I:       Plantar: proximal phalanx of digits 3-5

         Dorsal: proximal phalanx of digits 2-4

N: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)

F:       Plantar: adduct digits 3-5

         Dorsal: abduct digits 2-4