Term
| What are the body planes that are imaginary lines used for reference? |
|
Definition
Transverse plane
Median plane
Coronal plane
|
|
|
Term
| A section is the real or imaginary cut made along a plane. What are the section? |
|
Definition
Median plane - sagittal section
coronal plane - frontal section
transverse plane - cross section
|
|
|
Term
| what is the anatomic position? |
|
Definition
| the body is erect, the feet are slightly apart, the head is held high, and the palms of the hand are facing forward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
facing forward
toward the Back |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Toward the midline
Away from the midline |
|
|
Term
Proximal
Distal
Both proximal and distal usually reference to the _____ |
|
Definition
Closer to the point of attachement
Away from the point of attachment
Limbs |
|
|
Term
| major body cavities are divided into ____ and ____ |
|
Definition
Dorsal cavity
ventral cavity |
|
|
Term
| what include in dorsal and ventral cavity? |
|
Definition
Dorsal - cranial and spinal cavities
ventral - orbits and the nasal, oral, thoracic, abdominopelvic cavities |
|
|
Term
| The study of tissue is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of cells that act together to perform specific functions |
|
|
Term
| four fundamental tissues are |
|
Definition
epithelial
connective tissue
nervous
muscle |
|
|
Term
| this cell cover, line, and protect the body and its internal organs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the function of connective tissue |
|
Definition
the framework of the body
provide support
structure for the organs |
|
|
Term
what compose the nerve tissue?
|
|
Definition
| neurons and connective tissue cells |
|
|
Term
| the terms for connective tissue cells in nervous tissue is ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscle tissue is classified as ____ and ___ |
|
Definition
voluntary muscle (skeletal muscle)
involuntary muscle (smooth and cardiac muscle) |
|
|
Term
| The basic unit of life and the building blocks of tissue and organs is ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the nucleus contains ____ and ____ |
|
Definition
deoxyribose nuclease (DNA)
Ribosomes |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of ribosomes in the nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ include the enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_______ is important for growth and repair
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is the special cell division that takes place in the gonads (ovaries and testes) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happen during mitosis |
|
Definition
| Dna is duplicated and distributed evenly to two daughter cells |
|
|
Term
| What happen during meiosis |
|
Definition
| the chromosomes number is reduced from 46 to 23, so when the eg and sperm unite in fertlization the zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes |
|
|
Term
| ____ is the largest organ of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cell is ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve ending, and the associated skin structures is _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the dermis rests on the _______ tissue that connects the skin to ___ mucles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The layers of the epidermis from outer layer to inner layer are |
|
Definition
stratum corneum
stratum lucidium
stratum granulosum
stratum germinativum |
|
|
Term
| what kind of stratum included in stratum germinativum? |
|
Definition
stratum basale
stratum spinosum |
|
|
Term
| mitosis occurs in which stratum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| epidermal cells contain the protein pigment called ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the function of melanin is ____ |
|
Definition
| protect against radiation from the sun |
|
|
Term
| the inner layer of the skin is the dermis composed of |
|
Definition
fibrous connective tissue with blood vessels
sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands |
|
|
Term
| the most widely distributed sweat glands that regulate the body temperature by releasing watery secretion that evaporates from the surgace of the skin is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the sweat glands in the armpits and groin area is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the apocrine secretion contains bits of ____ from the secreting cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the function of apocrine sweat glands |
|
Definition
| attracts bacteria and the presence of the bacteria on the skin results in body odor |
|
|
Term
| the _____ glands release an oily secretion (sebum) through the hari follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in sebaceous glands, oil is produced by _______ secretion in which whole cells of the gland are part of the secretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the appendages of the skin include ____ and ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| both hair and nails composed of the strong protein called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the body framework consists of |
|
Definition
bone
cartilage
ligaments
joints |
|
|
Term
| the functions of skeletal system are |
|
Definition
support
movement
blood cell formation (hemopoiesis)
protection of internal organs
detoxification (removal of poisons)
provision for muscle attachment
mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus) |
|
|
Term
| individual bones are classified by shape. such as |
|
Definition
long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
sesamoid bones |
|
|
Term
| this type of bones has ireegular epiphysis at each end, composed mainly of spongy (cancellous) bone, and a shaft or diaphysis, composed mainly of compact bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the cells that form compact bone are called ______ , when they become fixed in the dense bone matrix, they stop dividing but continue to maintain bone tissue as osteocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ consists of the 28 bones of the skull |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| axial skeleton divide into ____ and ____ |
|
Definition
14 facial bones
14 cranial bones |
|
|
Term
| 14 facial bones that consider axial skeleton are |
|
Definition
| two nasal bones, two maxillary bones, two zygomatic bones, one mandible (the only movable bone of the skull), two palatine bones, one vomer, two lacrimal bones, two inferior nasal conchae |
|
|
Term
| The bones of the cranium that are single are |
|
Definition
| occipital, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| the bones of the cranium that are paired are |
|
Definition
| parietal, temporal, ossicles of the ear |
|
|
Term
| what are the component of ossicles of the ear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| axial skeleton also has 33 bones of _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 33 bones of vertebral column in axial skeleton? |
|
Definition
| 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 sacral vertebrae (fused to form sacrum), coccygeal vertebrae (tailbone), bone of thorax, the sternum, and 12 pairs of ribs |
|
|
Term
| the _____ includes the girdles and the limbs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the upper portion of appedicular skeleton consist of |
|
Definition
| pectoral or shoulder girdle, the clavicle and scaupla, the upper exremity |
|
|
Term
| What are the bones of the arms? |
|
Definition
| humerus, radius and ulna, carpals (wrist bone), metacarpals (bones of the hand), phalanges (bones of the fingers) |
|
|
Term
| the lower portion of the appendicular skeleton is made up of _____ |
|
Definition
| pelvic girdle or os coxae |
|
|
Term
| each of the os coxae consists of ____ |
|
Definition
| ilium, sichium, and pubis |
|
|
Term
| bones of the lower extremity include |
|
Definition
| femur (thighbone), tibia and fibula, tarsal (ankle bones), metatarsal (bones of the foot), phalanges |
|
|
Term
| how does muscle produce movement? |
|
Definition
| by contracting in response to nervous stimulation |
|
|
Term
| muscle contratction results from |
|
Definition
| sliding together of actin and myosin filaments within the muscle cell or fiber |
|
|
Term
| each mucle cell consists of myofibril, which in turn are made up of still smaller units called ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what must be present for a mucle cell to contract? |
|
Definition
| calcium and adenosine triphosphate |
|
|
Term
| never stimulation from motor neurons causes the release of _____ from _____ |
|
Definition
calcoum ons
sarcoplasmic reticulum |
|
|
Term
| how does calcium ion works to produce contraction? |
|
Definition
| calcium ions attach to inhibitory proteins on actin filaments within the cell, moving them aside so that cross-bridges can form between the actin and myosin filaments, using energy supply ATP, the filaments slide together to produce contraction |
|
|
Term
| the skeletal muscle, which make up the muscular system also called ____ b/c they are under concious control |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscles must work in pairs, the muscle that executes a given movement is ______, whereas the muscle that produces the opposite movement is the ______, other muscles that work in cooperation with the prime mover is called _____ |
|
Definition
| prime mover, antagonist, synergists |
|
|
Term
____ muscle reduce the angle at the joint
____ muscle increase the angle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_______ draw a limb away from the midline
____ return the limb back toward the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the nervous system consists essentially of |
|
Definition
| brain, spinal cord, and the nerves |
|
|
Term
| the function of this vital nervous system are |
|
Definition
perceive many changes that take place in our external and internal environments
respond to those changes (seeing, hering, smelling, tasting, touching)
enable us to think, reason, remember
|
|
|
Term
| the relationship between nervous system and skeletal muscles |
|
Definition
| makes body movements by skeletal muscles possible by supplying them with nerve impulses that cause contaction |
|
|
Term
| the relationship between endocrine glands and nervous system |
|
Definition
| correlating and integrating body fuctions such as digestion and reproduction |
|
|
Term
| all actions of the nervous system depend on |
|
Definition
| the transmission of nerve impulses over neurons or nerve cells, the fuctional units of the nervous system |
|
|
Term
| the main parts of neuron are |
|
Definition
the cell body
axon
dendrites |
|
|
Term
______ transmit the impulse toward the cell body
____ transmit the impulse away from the cell body
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the nervous system may be divided structurallyinto _____ and ____ |
|
Definition
Central Nervous system (CNS)
peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
|
|
Term
| the relationship between PNS and CNS |
|
Definition
| PNS consists of all the nerves that transmit information to and from the CNS |
|
|
Term
____ neurons transmit nerve impulses toward the CNS
____ neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS toward the effector organs such as muscles, galnds, and digestive system |
|
Definition
sensory (afferent)
motor (efferent) |
|
|
Term
| the major parts of the brain that associated with movement and sensory input is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the part of the brain that responsible for muscular coordination is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parts of the brain that controls many vital functions such as respiration and heart rate is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the spinal cord is appx 18 inches long and extends from ____ to ____ |
|
Definition
| the base of the skull (foramen magnum) to first or second lumbar vertebra (L1 and L2) |
|
|
Term
| how many pairs of spinal nerves exit the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ are those in which nerve impulses travel through the spinal cord only and do not reach the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ assists the nervous system in homesotasis and plays important roles in growth and sexual maturation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| endocrine system and nervous system meet at the |
|
Definition
| hypothalamus and pituitary galnd |
|
|
Term
| the relationship between hypothalamus and pituitary |
|
Definition
| hypothalamus governs the pituitary and is in turn controlled by the feedback of hormones in the blood |
|
|
Term
True/False
the nervous and endocrine system coordinate and control the body, but the endocrine system has more long lasting and wide spread effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ are the chemical messengers that control the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of specific target cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two major groups of hormones? |
|
Definition
| steroid and non steroid hormones |
|
|
Term
| _____ hormones enter the target cells and have a direct effect on the DNA of the nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some non steroid hormones are protein hormones. what does it means by this statement? |
|
Definition
| many protein hormones remain at the cell surface and act through a second messenger, usually a substance called andenosine monophosphate (AMP). most hormones affect cell activity by altering the rate of protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| the endocrine glands are widely distributed, however they are grouped together as a system because of ____ |
|
Definition
| the main function of each glands is the prodction of hormones |
|
|
Term
| Other organs that produce hormones are |
|
Definition
| stomach, small intestine, kidney |
|
|
Term
| the nickname of this glad is the master gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pituitary gland attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the two major portion in pituitary gland are |
|
Definition
| anterior lobe (adenophysis) and posterior lobe ( neurohypophysis |
|
|
Term
| hormones of the adenohypophysis are called ___ because they act mainly on other endocrine glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the hormones that are include in the adenohypophysis are |
|
Definition
somatotropin hormone (STH) and growth hormone (GH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle -stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
|
|
Term
| Hormone released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary are |
|
Definition
oxytocin (labor hormone)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
|
|
Term
| other important endocrine gands includes ____ |
|
Definition
| the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pacreas, and gonads (ovaries and testes) |
|
|
Term
| What are the component of whole blood |
|
Definition
55% plasma
45% formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) |
|
|
Term
| all formed elements such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are produced in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the main function of erythrocytes |
|
Definition
| transport the oxygen that is bind to pigmented protein hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
| there are five types of leukocytes that can be distinguished based on the basis of their size, appearance of nucleus, staining properties, and presence or absence of cytopasmic ganules |
|
Definition
| neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, monocyte |
|
|
Term
| leuckoytes (granulocytes vs agranulocytes) |
|
Definition
granulocytes : eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil
agranulocytes: lymphocyte, monocytes |
|
|
Term
| the function of WBC (leukocytes) |
|
Definition
active in phagocytosis (neutrophils and monocytes)
antibody formation (lymphocytes) |
|
|
Term
| what's the function of platelets |
|
Definition
| active in helping blood clotting |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of blood |
|
Definition
| transport oxygen and nutrients to body cells and carry away carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes |
|
|
Term
| the heart is a double pump that sends blood to the lungs for ______ through _____ circuit and to the remainder of the body through _____ circuit |
|
Definition
oxygenation, pulmonary
systemic circuit |
|
|
Term
the right side of the heart is ______ circuit pump
the left side of the heart is _____ circuit pump |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pulmonary vs systemic circuit |
|
Definition
pulmonary circuit carry oxygen poor and carbon dioxide rich blood
systemic circuit carry oxygen rich and carbon dioxide poor blood |
|
|
Term
| how does pulmonary circuit works? |
|
Definition
| blood enters the R atrium passed to the R ventricle and pumps into pulmonary trunk. in the lungs, blood unloads the carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. freshly oxygenated blood is carried by the pulmonary veins back to the let side of the heart. *only in pulmonary circulation veins carry oxygen rich blood* |
|
|
Term
| how does the systemic circuit works? |
|
Definition
| freshly oxygenated blood leaving the lungs is returned to the L atrium and passed to L ventricle, and pumps to aorta -> smaller systemic arteries to the body tissues where gasses and nutrients are exchanged -> blood, once again loaded with carbon dioxide and depleted oxygen, returns through the systemic veins to the right side of the heart -> through superior and inferior vena cava. |
|
|
Term
| blood is received by the ___ and is pump into the circulation by ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| valves between the atria and ventricles insclude ____ on the R side of the heart and ____ on the L side of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ valves are found at the entrance of the pulmonary trunk and the aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood is supplied to the heart muscles (_____) by ____ |
|
Definition
myocardium
coronary arteries |
|
|
Term
| blood drains from the myocardium directly into the ____ through the ___ |
|
Definition
right atrium
coronary sinus |
|
|
Term
| the heart has an intrinsic beat initiated by the _____ and transmitted along ta conduction system of myocardium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sinoatrial node also known as the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the wave from SA node is measured on a device called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the period from the end of one ventricular contraction to the end of the next ventricular contraction is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the contraction cycle is called ____
the relaxation cycle is called ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are included in vascular system? |
|
Definition
arteries that carry blood away from the heart
veins that carry blood toward the heart
capillaries |
|
|
Term
| the smallest vessels where the exchanges take place between blood and the surrunding tissue (including water, nutrients, and waste products exchange) is ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the systemic arteris begins with _____ which sends brancehs to all parts of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the smallest arteris are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the largest veins that empty into the right atrium of the heart are _____ |
|
Definition
| superior and inferior vena cava |
|
|
Term
T/F
the walls of the arteries are thich and elastic and they carry blood under high pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ and ____ result from contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterial walls simultaneously |
|
Definition
| vasoconstriction and vasodilation |
|
|
Term
| Vasoconstriction and vasodilation influence ___ |
|
Definition
| blood pressure and blood distribution to the tissue |
|
|
Term
the walls of the veins are thinner and less elastic than arteris and they carry blood under low pressure
True or Flase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the component of respiratory system? |
|
Definition
| nose, pharnyx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs with their alveoli, diaphragm, and muscles surrounding the ribs |
|
|
Term
| where is respiratory control center located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the function of respiratory system |
|
Definition
| supply the body with oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
| the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the exchanges of gases between the blood and the body cells is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the function of the upper passgeways? |
|
Definition
| warm, filter, and moisten incoming air |
|
|
Term
| what are the purpose of cilia on upper respiratory tubules? |
|
Definition
| trap debris and keep foreign substances from entering the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inhalation: require contraction of the diaphragm to enlarge the thoracic cavity and draw air to the lungs
Exhalation: passive process when the lungs recoil as the respiratory muscles relax and thora decrease in size |
|
|
Term
| most of oxygen carried inthe blood is bound to ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does oxygen travels with hemoglobin |
|
Definition
| oxygen is released from hemoglobin as the concentration of oxygen drops in the tissues |
|
|
Term
| some carbon dioxide is carried in solution or bound to blood protein, but most is converted into _______ by ______ (enzyme) within RBC |
|
Definition
bicarbonate ion
carbonic anhydrase |
|
|
Term
because carbon dioxide releases hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide is a regulator of blood pH
T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, ectum and anus |
|
Definition
| alimentary canal or digestive tube |
|
|
Term
| what are the accessory organs of the digestion? |
|
Definition
| liver, pancreas, and gallbladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process when food is mechanically broken down by teeth and tongue |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of saliva that produces by three pairs of salivary glands? |
|
Definition
| it lubricates and dilutes the chewed food |
|
|
Term
| Saliva produce this enzyme that broken down carbohydrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after food is broken down in the mouth by teeth and tounge, and saliva form the food into a ball that is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the bolus get swallowed? |
|
Definition
| constrictive mucles of pharynx force the food into the upper portion of esophagus, and the food is swallowed |
|
|
Term
| the narrow tube leading from pharynx to the stomach is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 digestive tracts lyaer from innermost to outermost |
|
Definition
| mucous embrane, the submucous layer, muscular layer, and serous layer |
|
|
Term
| food enters the stomach where gastric glands secrete _______ that breaks down food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the stomach muscle churns and mixes the bolud of food, turning the mass into a soupy sustance called ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the stomach aso stores food and regulates the movements of food into ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the function of stomach? (3) |
|
Definition
| secrete hydrochloric acid to breakdown food, churns and mixes food into chyme, control the movement of food and store the food in the small intestine |
|
|
Term
| digestion and absorption of food occurs in ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
food is acted on by various enzymes from the small intestine and pancreas and by bile from the liver
T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of water in pancreas? |
|
Definition
| dilute the chyme and bicarbonate ion to neutralize the acid from the stomach |
|
|
Term
| small intestine consists of three major regions |
|
Definition
| duodenum, jejunum, illeum |
|
|
Term
| nutrients are absorbed through the walls of ____; while the amino acids and simple sugars derived from proteins and carbohydrates are absorbed directly into ____. most of the fats are absorbed into the ______ by the lacteals which eventually are added to the bloodstream |
|
Definition
small intestine
the blood
lymph |
|
|
Term
| all nutrients enter the ______ to be routed to the liver for _______ |
|
Definition
hepatic portal vein
decontamination |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the small fingerlike projection called villi in the small intestine |
|
Definition
| to increase the surface area of the intestinal wall |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of lage intestine? |
|
Definition
reabsobs water and stores and eliminates undigested food
large intestine also store abundant bacteria, the instestinal flora |
|
|
Term
| the large intestine is arranged into five portion which are |
|
Definition
| ascending, transverse, descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the rectum |
|
|
Term
| the opening for defecation is the ____ |
|
Definition
rectum
defecation (expelling of stool) |
|
|
Term
| Urinary system composed of |
|
Definition
two kidneys
two ureters
urinary bladder
urethra |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of kidney? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is te relationship function between ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
|
Definition
| ureters are the rube that transport urine to the urinary bladder where urine is stored before urination thorough the urethra to the outside |
|
|
Term
| the functional unit of the kidney are the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the nephron? |
|
Definition
filter waste material out of blood
brought to the kidney by the renal artery |
|
|
Term
| the actual filtration process occurs in ____ |
|
Definition
| the bowman's capsule of the nephron through the glomerulus |
|
|
Term
| filtration of the blood occurs through the ______ udner the force of blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as the glomerular filtrate passes through the nephron, components needed by the body, such as water, glucose, and ions leave the nephron by ______ and re enter the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does reabsorption of water occurs in the kidney? |
|
Definition
| in the rubules of the nephron |
|
|
Term
| what is the final product produced by millions of ephrons per kidney? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the male and female sex rogans (testes and ovaries) have two functions. they are ____ |
|
Definition
| production of gametes (sex cells) and production of hormones |
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|
Term
| the activities of male and female sex organs controlled by _____ |
|
Definition
| tropic hormones from the pituitary galnd |
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|
Term
T/F
reproductive activity is cyclic in women and continuous in men |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the games are formed by ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in men, spermatozoa develop within the ___ |
|
Definition
| seminiferous tubules of each testis |
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|
Term
| the intestitial cells between the seminiferous tubules produce _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of testosterone |
|
Definition
| influence sperm cell developent and also produces the male secondary sex cahracteristics such as body hair and deep voice. |
|
|
Term
| where does the sperm stroe and mature? |
|
Definition
| epididymis of each testis |
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|
Term
| during ejaculation, the pathway for the sperm are |
|
Definition
| vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra |
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|
Term
| along the pathway of sperm during ejaculation, there are glands that produce____ |
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Definition
| the transport medium or semen |
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|
Term
| glands that produce the semen or transport medium are |
|
Definition
| seminal vesicle, prostate gland, bulbourethral (cowper's) gland |
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|
Term
| testicular activity is under control of two _______ hormones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the two hormones that control the testicular activity are |
|
Definition
interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) or LH stimulates the insterstitial cell to produce testosterone
FSH regulates sperm production
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|
|
Term
| hormone that regulates sperm production is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hormones that stimulate the intestitial cell to produce testosterone is |
|
Definition
| LH (luteinizing) or intestitial cell stimulating hormone |
|
|
Term
| the hormone that influence the period of women is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happen when FSH influence the women? |
|
Definition
| several eggs ripen within the ovarian follicles in the ovary |
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|
Term
| _____ hormone produced by the follicle initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cycle of women's menstruation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during the 14 days cycle, what is the purpose of LH being released from the pitutitary |
|
Definition
| to stimulates ovulation and the conversion of the follicle to the corpus luteum |
|
|
Term
| the corpus luteum secretes hormone ______ and ____ which further stimulates development of the endometrium |
|
Definition
| progesterone and estrogen |
|
|
Term
| what happen if fertilization is occur and if fertilization did not occur? |
|
Definition
fertilization occur: corpus luteum remain functional
no fertilization: corpus luteum degenerates and results in menstruation |
|
|
Term
| what happen to the eggs after ovulation? |
|
Definition
| the egg is swe[t onto the oviduct or falopian tube |
|
|
Term
| fertilization occurs while the eggs is in the ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does fertilization occur after ovulation if oviduct? |
|
Definition
| fertilized egg or zygote travels to the uterus and implant itself within the endometrium. |
|
|
Term
| in the uterus, the developing embryo is nourished by the _____ which is formed by _____ |
|
Definition
placenta
maternal and embryonic tissues |
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|
Term
| during pregnancy, what is the function of hormones from the placenta? |
|
Definition
| maintain the endometrium and prepare the breasts for milk production |
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