Þ  Square of distance

Þ  Temperature

Þ  Size of molecule

How does surface area affect the rate of diffusion?

How does lipid solubility affect the rate of diffusion?

Define and correctly use the terms concentration, gradient, diffusion, osmolality, osmosis, osmotic pressure, semipermeable, tonicity.

ÞConcentration- measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance

Þ  Gradient- The graduated difference in concentration of a solute per unit distance through a solution.

Þ  Diffusion- spread of particles through random motion from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration

Þ  Osmolality- measure of the osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent just like molarity

Þ  Osmosis- movement of water molecules across a partially-permeable membrane down a water potential gradient

Þ  Osmotic pressure- amount of pressure necessary to ‘halt’ osmosis

Þ  Semipermeable- is a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized facilitated diffusion

Þ      Tonicity- describes changes in cell volume following osmotic gradients

                                          Blood- 280 to 295 mOsm/L

                                       ECF- 275-299 mOsm/L

What is the osmolality of 300 mM glucose? Of 150 mM NaCl? Of 100 mM CaCl₂?

300 mM glucose-300 mOsm/L

150 mM NaCl- 300 mOsm/L

100 mM CaCl_2- 300 mOsm/L

 What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

                                         Will cause the membrane-bounded compartment to lose        water (and volume). and shrivel

Why do we store more energy in the form of triglycerides than glycogen?

                                          It does not take up water