Term
|
Definition
Cephalic vein
Subclavian artery/vein
Avillar artery/vein
Brachial artery/vein
Branches of the axillary artery
Cords of the brachial plexus
cuteaneuos branches of the intercostal nerves
supraclavicular nerve
medial pectoral nerve
lateral pectoral nerve
|
|
|
Term
| What is the axillary sheath? |
|
Definition
| Connective tissue structures that surround the axillary vessels and brachial plexus. All that stuff we had to reverse scissor through to find the axillary artery and its branches. Located in the axilla... obviously. |
|
|
Term
| Tell me about the axillary vein, as much as you can. |
|
Definition
- It is surrounded by the axillary artery, brachial plexus, and the axillary sheath
- It is at the lalteral broder of the teres major muscle
- Forms from two brachial veins coming together
- Ends at lateral border of the first rib
- Continuous with the subclavian vein
- In the axilla, obviously
- Anterior to both the axillary artery and the bracial plexus nerves. |
|
|
Term
| Define the boundaries of the axillary artery. What does it become distally and medially? |
|
Definition
- Medially, the axillary artery is continuous with the subclavian artery. It begins at the lateral border of the first rib.
- It runs until the inferior border of the teres major muscle, distally it becomes the brachial artery.
- It is posterior to the axillary vein.
- It is surrounded by the braches of the brachial plexus.
- It has three parts: the 1st has 1 branch, the 2nd has 2 branches, the 3rd has 3 branches. |
|
|
Term
Identify the numbered parts of the following image:
[image] |
|
Definition
1. Axillary artery (as a whole)
2. Rib 1
3. Brachial artery
4. Coracoid process (of the scapula)
5. Thoracoacromial artery (in set of 2)
6. Pectoralis minor muscle
7. Subscapular artery (in set of 3)
8. Posterior humeral circumflex artery (in set of 3)
9. Anterior humeral circumflex artery (in set of 3)
10. Teres major muscle
11. Superior thoracic artery (in set of 1)
12. Subscapular artery
13. Lateral throacic artery (in set of 2) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 important branches of the axillary artery, and what do they supply? |
|
Definition
1.Superior/supreme thoracic artery.
2.Lateral thoracic artery.
3. Thoracoacromial artery.
4. Subscapular artery.
5 & 6. Anterior and posterior humeral circumflex arteries. Supply the upper limb. |
|
|
Term
| Where does the brachial plexus originate from? For that matter, what the heck is it? |
|
Definition
Brachial plexus is collection of nerves that innervate the upper limb. Arises from C5 to T1 spinal cord segments.
(See pg 774 in Moore COA) |
|
|
Term
| Where's the serratus anterior? What does it do? |
|
Definition
Proximal attachment: external surfaces ofthe lateral parts of ribs 1-8
Distal attachement: Anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
It brings the scapula anteriorly. It is a big strong muscle that holds the upper limb to the trunk. They have a striated appearance. It forms the medial wall of the axilla. It's the boxer's muscle - you use it a lot when punching, also when pushing against something like a wall.
[image] |
|
|
Term
| Where is the pectoralis major? What does it do? |
|
Definition
Proximal attachment: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle, anterior surface of the sternum, superior six costal cartiledges
Distal attachement: Humerus
It is an upper limb muscle, but also an accessory muscle of respiration. It adducts + medially rotates the humerus, draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly.
[image] |
|
|
Term
| What lives in the deltopectoral triangle? |
|
Definition
Cephalic vein
Toracoacromial trunk
Pectoral Nerves
Narggles. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the pectoral minor? What does it do? |
|
Definition
Proximal attachement: 3rd-5th ribs near costal cartilage.
Distal attachement: Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula.
Muscle of the upper limb. Pulls the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly to stabilize it against the thoracic wall.
[image]
|
|
|
Term
| What is the subclavius? What does it do? |
|
Definition
Proximal attachment: Junction of the 1st rib and its costal cartilage
Distal attachment: Anterior surace of medial border of the scapula
It is almost horizontal in anatomical position. Also protects some of the subclavian vessels and brachal plexus (if clavicle were ever to break). Works to anchor and depress the clavicle.
[image]
|
|
|
Term
Tell me about them cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves. What's the deal with those intercostal nerves? Is there a plexus here?
|
|
Definition
All somatic nerves.
Cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves run through the pectorus major to innervate the skin. (Pec major is innervated by the brachial plexus, btw)
The intecostal nerves themselves tend to run near the inferior edge of the rib. The anterior rami tend to live near the spine. They sit posterior to the inner intercostal muscle and anterior to the innermost intercostal muscle.
They come from the anterior/ventral rami of the spinal nerves, which run around the intercostal spaces. Lateral branches go off to the skin, and the rest runs all the way around the ribs.
Note that these rami do not form a plexus (T1 through T12). They remain independent and form the intercostal nerves! |
|
|
Term
| Where is the breast located? Describe the location relative to other things in the pectoral region. |
|
Definition
The breast sits between the 2nd and 6th ribs, with a portion extending up into the axilla (axillary tail).
Sits on top of the pectoralis major (and some of the serratus anterior), with the retromammary space between the fascia of the pec major and the breast tissue. It is attached to the dermis of the overlying skin by suspensory ligaments.
Goes from lateral border of the sternum to the midaxillary line.
Inframammory fold forms the bottom border of the breast. |
|
|
Term
| What accounts for differences in breast size? |
|
Definition
Mostly the amount of fat tissue, since the amount of glandular tissue is the same in all women of the same age.
Age plays a role in breast size and shape, as aging decreases glandular content and replaces it with fat tissue.
Lactating breasts have more glandular tissue. Fibrous, fatty and glandular tissues all expand during puberty.
Both hypertrophy and hyperplasia cause increase in glandular tissue during pregancy. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the mammory gland. |
|
Definition
It makes milk!!!!!!
[image]
Each lobe is made up of lubules that have little milk secreting alveoli. The lubules feed into lactiferous ducts that feed into a lacteriferous sinus (storage point) which open at the nipple. There are 10-20 lobes total per breast. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the lymphatic drainage of the breast. |
|
Definition
|
|
