Term
|
Definition
| failure of fusion of maxillary prominence and intermaxillary segment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incomplete merging of right and left medial nasal prominences |
|
|
Term
| anterior cleft palate causes |
|
Definition
| failure of primary palate to fuse with either one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) palatal shelves |
|
|
Term
| posterior cleft palate causes |
|
Definition
| failure of palatal shelves to fuse with each other and the nasal septum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Premature closure of sagittal suture...results in a long and narrow skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| premature closure of the coronal suture..results in short skull |
|
|
Term
| what 4 bones comprise the Pterion? |
|
Definition
| The parietal, frontal, sphenoid, and temporal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bones make up the roof of the orbit? |
|
Definition
| The orbital plate of the frontal bone and the lesser wing of the sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| What bones make up the lateral wall of the orbit? |
|
Definition
| the zygomatic bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| What bones make up the floor of the orbit? |
|
Definition
| The zygomatic, orbital surface of the maxilla, and orbital process of the palatine |
|
|
Term
| What bones make up the medial wall of the orbit? |
|
Definition
| the orbital plate of the ethmoid, the frontal process of the maxilla, the lacrimal, and minor contributions by frontal bone and orbital process of the palatine (basically all the bones of the orbit we talked about EXCEPT the zygomatic and greater and lesser wings of sphenoid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the medial and lateral angles of the eyelids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the periosteal lining of the orbital cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circular furrow which surrounds the corneoscleral junction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a jagged line posterior to the ciliary body marking the transition from non-sensory to optic retina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| space between the bulbar fascia and the sclera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| groove running from nasal septum to upper lip |
|
|
Term
| what's in the carotid unit of the neck |
|
Definition
| common and internal carotid aa, internal jugular v, vagus n, some deep cervical lymph nodes, carotid sinus nerve, sympathetic nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
| origin/insertion/innervation scalenus anterior |
|
Definition
O:transverse processes of C4-C6
I: 1st rib
N: cervical spinal nerves C4, C5, C6 |
|
|
Term
| origin/insertion/innervation scalenus medius |
|
Definition
O: transverse processes of C2-C7
I: superior surface of the 1st rib
N: ventral rami of cervical spinal nn |
|
|
Term
| origin/insertion/innervation scalenus posterior |
|
Definition
O: transverse processes of C5-C7 vertebrae
I: superior border of 2nd rib
N: ventral rami of cervical spinal nn C7/C8 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation posterior belly digastric |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation anterior belly digastric |
|
Definition
| mylohyoid n (from trigeminal n) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation sternothyroid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation sternocleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| Accessory nerve (CN 11) and sensory fibers from C2 and C3 ventral rami |
|
|
Term
| location of inferior cervical ganglion |
|
Definition
| located posterior to the vertebral artery at its origin from the subclavian a...sometimes fuses with first thoracic ganglion to form the stellate ganglion |
|
|
Term
| location of middle cervical ganglion |
|
Definition
| located on anterior aspect of inferior thyroid artery around the level of the cricoid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| location of superior cervical ganglion |
|
Definition
| located at level of atlas and axis |
|
|
Term
| What does a pyramidal lobe on a thyroid gland represent in an adult? |
|
Definition
| A persistent thyroglossal duct |
|
|
Term
| anterior border of posterior triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior border of posterior triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inferior border of posterior triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| apex of posterior triangle |
|
Definition
| behind the ear to the level of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone (posterior to the mastoid process of the temporal bone...near the point where the trapezius and SCM come together) |
|
|
Term
| roof of posterior and anterior triangles |
|
Definition
| superficial layer of deep cervical fascia, platysma, skin |
|
|
Term
| floor of posterior triangle |
|
Definition
| prevertebral fascia and 5 mm: splenius capitus, levator scapulae, scalenus medius, scalenus posterior, scalenus anterior |
|
|
Term
| what's within the occipital triangle of the neck |
|
Definition
(is part of posterior triangle)
the accessory nerve crosses thru here, embedded within the investing layer of deep cervical fascia |
|
|
Term
| what's with the subclavian triangle of the neck? |
|
Definition
| suprascapuar a,v, part of subclavian a, internal jugular a. |
|
|
Term
| superior border of anterior triangle of neck |
|
Definition
| inferior margin of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| apex of anterior triangle |
|
Definition
| the jugular (suprasternal notch) |
|
|
Term
| floor of anterior triangle |
|
Definition
| pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland covered with pre tracheal fascia |
|
|
Term
| where can the ansa cervicalis be found? |
|
Definition
| on the superficial surface of the carotid sheath |
|
|
Term
| Temporalis m. innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral pterygoid muscle innervation |
|
Definition
| lateral pterygoid branch of V3 |
|
|
Term
| innervation medial pterygoid m. |
|
Definition
| medial pterygoid branch of V3 |
|
|
Term
| lateral boundary of the infra temporal fossa |
|
Definition
| the medial aspect of the rams of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| anterior boundary of the infra temporal fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medial boundary of the infra temporal fossa |
|
Definition
| lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid, superior pharyngeal constrictor, tensor and levator veli palatini mm |
|
|
Term
| roof of infra temporal fossa |
|
Definition
| greater wing of the sphenoid and squamous portion of temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| contents of the infra temporal fossa |
|
Definition
| the medial and lateral pterygoid mm, the maxillary a, the pterygoid plexus of vv, mandibular division of the trigeminal n and its branches |
|
|
Term
| innervation of superior portion of auricle |
|
Definition
| mandibular division of trigeminal n. |
|
|
Term
| innervation of area around and inside external auditory meatus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation of lower portion of the auricle |
|
Definition
| cervical nerves from the cervical plexus |
|
|
Term
| innervation tensor tympani |
|
Definition
| mandibular division of CN5 |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the tensor tympani muscle |
|
Definition
| mandibular division of CN 5 |
|
|
Term
| innervation of stapedius m |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.) Anything with "tensor" in name is supplied by trigeminal n.
2.) Anything with "palat-" is supplied by vagus
3.) Anything with "gloss-" is innervated by hypoglossal
Rule 1 id chief...then 2 then 3 |
|
|
Term
| Innervation of hard palate (sensory, mucous glands, and blood vessels) |
|
Definition
Greater palatine n (primarily) and nasopalatine n (anteriorly) for general sensation
Parasympathetic (postganglionic) fibers from CN7 (via pterygopalatine ganglion) for mucous glands
Sympathetic (postganglionic) fibers from superior cervical ganglion for blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| innervation of soft palate |
|
Definition
lesser palatine n. and branches of glossopharyngel n. for general sensation
postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers same as hard palate |
|
|
Term
| Innervation palatoglossus m |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation styloglossus m |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation of hyoglossus m |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the significant aa and nn that course superficial/deep to the hyoglossus m |
|
Definition
| lingual and hypoglossal nn course on superficial side of hyoglossus...lingual a courses deep |
|
|
Term
| Innervation of genioglossus m |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decribe the general sensation innervation of the tongue as well as the innervation from taste |
|
Definition
General sensation:
lingual n to anterior 2/3 of tongue...glossopharyngeal n to posterior 1/3
Taste:
facial n via chorda tympani to anterior 2/3
glossopharyngeal n to posterior 1/3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerve to mylohyoid (branch of inferior alveolar n.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerve to mylohyoid (branch of inferior alveolar n.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| C1 via hypoglossal n. (CN12) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branches of lingual a course deep to hyoglossus:
dorsal branch of lingual to the dorsum of the tongue
deep branch of lingual to the tip of the tongue |
|
|
Term
| parasympathetic/sympathetic innervation of the parotid gland |
|
Definition
Parasympathetic:
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from CN1X via the lesser petrosal n; postganglionics from the otic ganglion traveling with the auriculotemporal n. (V3)
postganglionic sympathetic from the superior cervical ganglion course along blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| innervation (SYMP/PARA) of submandibular gland and sublingual gland |
|
Definition
Parasympathetic: preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from CN 7 via chorda tympani; postganglionics from submandibular ganglion
postganglionic sympathetic fibers from superior cervical ganglion course on lingual artery to gland |
|
|
Term
| blood supply of submandibular gland and sublingual gland |
|
Definition
| sublingual branch of lingual a., sub mental branch of facial a. |
|
|
Term
| describe the lymphatic drainage of the tongue |
|
Definition
Drain to deep cervical, submandibular, and sub mental nodes
The posterior third drains bilaterally and so metastases may be found in nodes on the side opposite to the lesion...the tip and central regions also drain bilaterally but to a lesser extent than the posterior third |
|
|
Term
| What 3 nerve types can be found in the parasympathetic ganglia of the head? |
|
Definition
1.) Sensory fibers from a branch of the trigeminal nerve traverse each ganglion
2.) postganglionic sympathetic nerves from the superior cervical ganglion traverse each ganglion
3.) preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse with the cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the ganglia |
|
|
Term
| where is the parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal gland derived from? |
|
Definition
| The pterygopalatine ganglion...fibers originating off CN7 |
|
|
Term
| What 3 nerve fiber types are seen in the ciliary ganglion? |
|
Definition
1.) pre/post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers form the oculomotor n.
2.) somatic sensory branches from the nasociliary n. (from v1)
3.) postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the opthalmic a/internal carotid a sympathetic plexus |
|
|
Term
| What 3 fiber types are seen in the pterygopalatine ganglion? |
|
Definition
1.) pre/post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal nerve, a branch of the facial n.
2.) postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the deep petrosal n./sympathetic plexus surrounding the internal carotid a./ internal carotid plexus
3.) sensory branches off the maxillary n./lacrimal n./ pterygopalatine nn |
|
|
Term
| where is the ciliary ganglion located? |
|
Definition
| lateral to the optic n, near the apex of the orbit |
|
|
Term
| Where is the otic ganglion located? |
|
Definition
| the medial surface of the mandibular n. |
|
|
Term
| What 3 fiber types are seen in the otic ganglion? |
|
Definition
1.) pre/post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the glossopharyngeal n/ lesser petrosal n.
2.) postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the external carotid artery plexus and middle meningeal a plexus
3.) sensory fibers from the V3/auriculotemporal n. |
|
|
Term
| What 3 fiber types are seen in the submandibular ganglion? |
|
Definition
1.) pre/post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the facial n/ chord tympani
2.) postganglionic sympathetic n from the external carotid a plexus
3.) sensory fibers from v3/lingual n |
|
|
Term
| Terminal branches of the maxillary a. |
|
Definition
| The maxillary a terminates as it enters the pterygomaxillary fissure and splits into the sphenopalatine and descending palatine aa |
|
|
Term
| Blood supply to the posterior lateral nasal wall and septum |
|
Definition
| sphenopalatine a via it's branches: posterior lateral nasal and posterior septal nasal |
|
|
Term
| blood supply to the anterior nasal septum |
|
Definition
| greater palatine a (anastomoses with posterior lateral nasal and posterior septal nasal aa when passes thru incisive foramen) |
|
|
Term
| blood supply to the anterior/superior lateral nasal wall and septum |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior ethmoidal aa (branches of opthalmic a) |
|
|
Term
| blood supply to ala and other generally anterior parts of the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation of anterior/superior lateral nasal wall and septum |
|
Definition
| anterior ethmoidal n (from opthalmic n, V1) |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the cutaneous part of the apex of the nose |
|
Definition
| external nasal n (from the anterior ethmoidal n) |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the superior lateral nasal wall |
|
Definition
| posterior superior nasal branches of the maxillary n (V2) |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the inferior lateral nasal wall |
|
Definition
| posterior inferior nasal branches of the maxillary n (are derived from greater palatine n as it traverses the greater palatine canal) |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the nasal septum |
|
Definition
| nasopalatine n (branch of maxillary n) |
|
|
Term
| the pterygoid canal exists between which 2 areas? |
|
Definition
| The pterygopalatine fossa and the foramen lacerum |
|
|
Term
| what 2 nn comprise the Vidian n (n of the pterygoid canal? |
|
Definition
| deep petrosal n (from internal carotid plexus) and greater petrosal n (from part of CN7 that originated in the rostral part of the superior sensory nucleus) |
|
|
Term
| Extrinsic mm of the larynx that ELEVATE the larynx |
|
Definition
| thyrohyoid m, stylopharyngeus m, palatopharyngeus m, all suprahyoid mm |
|
|
Term
| Extrinsic mm of the larynx that DEPRESS the larynx |
|
Definition
| sternothyroid, omohyoid, and sternohyoid |
|
|
Term
| Innervation of the intrinsic mm of the larynx |
|
Definition
| the cricothyroid m is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal n (from vagus)...ALL OTHER intrinsic laryngeal mm are innervated by the recurrent (inferior) laryngeal n. (also from vagus) |
|
|
Term
| action of cricothyroid m. |
|
Definition
| tenses and elongates the vocal ligaments by tilting the thyroid cartilage, increasing the distance between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages |
|
|
Term
| action of the posterior cricoarytenoid m |
|
Definition
| opens rima glottidis (abducts vocal folds) |
|
|
Term
| action of lateral cricoarytenoid m |
|
Definition
| closes rima glottidis (adducts vocal folds) |
|
|
Term
| action of thyroarytenoid m |
|
Definition
| decreases tension on the vocal cords by drawing the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages closer together...rotates the arytenoid cartilage medially and aids in closure of the rima glottides |
|
|
Term
| sensory innervation of the larynx |
|
Definition
above the vocal folds: internal branch of the superior laryngeal n. (from vagus)
below the vocal folds: recurrent laryngeal nerve (from vagus) |
|
|
Term
| what arteries do the superior and inferior laryngeal arteries branch off of? |
|
Definition
Superior laryngeal artery: branch of external carotid a.
Inferior laryngeal artery: branch of thyrocervical trunk off subclavian a |
|
|
Term
| The optic canal connects what 2 spaces? |
|
Definition
| The orbit and the MIDDLE cranial fossa |
|
|
Term
| The superior orbital fissure connects what 2 spaces |
|
Definition
| The orbit and the MIDDLE cranial fossa |
|
|
Term
| The inferior orbital fissure connects what 2 spaces? |
|
Definition
| The orbit and the pterygopalatine ganglion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the space between your upper and lower eyelid |
|
|
Term
| innervation orbicularis oculi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation levator palpebrae superioris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sympathetics from the internal carotid plexus |
|
|
Term
| What is the semilunar fold of the eye? |
|
Definition
| A fold of conjunctiva lateral to the lacrimal caruncle; vestige of the nictitating membrane (the so-called third eyelid) |
|
|
Term
| lacrimal a is a branch of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lacrimal n is a branch of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation of rectus mm of eyeball |
|
Definition
lateral rectus: Abducens n
medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus: oculomotor n. |
|
|
Term
| Innervation superior oblique and inferior oblique mm of eyeball |
|
Definition
superior oblique: trochlear n.
Inferior oblique: oculomotor n. |
|
|
Term
| What eye mm produce elevation of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what eye mm produce depression of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What eye mm produce intorsion of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What eye mm produce extorsion of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which mm elevate and depress the abducted eye vs adducted eye? |
|
Definition
| SR and IR elevate and depress the abducted eye, while IO and SO elevate and depress the adducted eye |
|
|
Term
| What does the superior division of the oculomotor n innervate? |
|
Definition
| motor to levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus mm |
|
|
Term
| What does the inferior division of the oculomotor n innervate? |
|
Definition
| motor to inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique mm...and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to ciliary ganglion |
|
|
Term
| In their path from the middle cranial fossa into the orbit, which nn pass through the annular tendon? |
|
Definition
| The oculomotor n, abducens n, lacrimal n (V1) and nasociliary n (V1) (the trochlear n and frontal n (V1) pass superior to the annular tendon!) |
|
|
Term
| sensory innervation to the cornea and sclera |
|
Definition
| long ciliary n (branch of nasociliary n, which is a brach of V1) |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic fibers that innervate the dilator pupillae come from what plexus? |
|
Definition
| The internal carotid plexus..go thru ciliary ganglion and traverse via short ciliary nn to dilator pupillae |
|
|
Term
| what structure separates the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bone Derivatives of the maxillary process of arch 1 |
|
Definition
| the maxillary process gives rise to the maxilla, zygomatic bone, squamous portion of temporal bone by intramembranous ossification...the caudal end develops into a cartilaginous segment that later ossifies into the incus |
|
|
Term
| bony/ligamentous derivatives of the mandibular process of the first arch |
|
Definition
| The mandibular process contains a cartilaginous rod called meckel's cartilage. The ventral parts of Meckel's cartilage guide the early development of the mandible. The cartilage itself disappears eventually, as the mandible develops around it by intramembranous ossification. The middle portion of Meckel's cartilage also regresses, but its perichondrium forms the anterior ligament of the malleus and the sphenomandibular ligament. The caudal end of the cartilage ossifies to form the malleus (of ear) |
|
|
Term
| Muscular derivatives of the first arch ((7) |
|
Definition
| temporalis, masseter, pterygoids, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini |
|
|
Term
| bony/ligamentous derivatives of Reichert's cartilage |
|
Definition
| its ventral portion becomes the lesser horn and upper body of the hyoid bone, the perichondrium of its middle portion forms the stylohyoid ligament, and its dorsal portion gives rise to the styloid process of the temporal bone and the stapes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stapedius m, stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric, and mm of facial expression (innervated by facial n) |
|
|
Term
| bony derivatives of arch 3 |
|
Definition
| ventral portion of arch 3 ossifies to form the lower part of the body and the greater horn of the hyoid bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stylopharyngeus and possibly the upper pharyngeal constrictors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cartilagenous derivatives of arch 4 and 6 |
|
Definition
| the fourth and sixth arches fuse to form the cartilages of the larynx (thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform) |
|
|
Term
| mm derived from 4th and 6th arches |
|
Definition
| cricothyroid m, levator veli palatini, intrinsic mm of larynx, pharyngeal constrictors |
|
|
Term
| innervation 4th/6th arches |
|
Definition
| superior ad recurrent laryngeal branches of the vagus |
|
|
Term
| derivatives of first pouch |
|
Definition
| first pouch enlarges to form the tubotympanic recess..this will widen posteriorly to form the middle ear cavity and mastoid antrum and remain narrow anteriorly to form the auditory tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tonsillar fossa and palatine tonsil...the tonsil forms after mesoderm migrates into the pouch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3rd pouch splits into dorsal and ventral wings. dorsal wing becomes inferior parathyroid gland and ventral wing becomes the thymus. both structures migrate caudally, although the inferior parathyroid glands stop and become attached to the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
| derivatives of the 4th pouch |
|
Definition
| forms the superior parathyroid gland, which also migrates caudally by attaching itself to the descending thyroid gland....above where the inferior parathyroid gland is attached |
|
|
Term
| derivatives of the 5th pouch |
|
Definition
| 5th pouch is usually considered part of the 4th. It gives rise to the ultimobranchial body, which is incorporated into the thyroid gland and becomes the parafollicular cells (c-cells) which secrete calcitonin |
|
|
Term
| derivatives of first pharyngeal groove |
|
Definition
| epidermis linking the external acoustic meatus and outer surface of eardrum |
|
|
Term
| Bones of the neurocranium |
|
Definition
| frontal, sphenoid, parietal, temporal, occipital, and ethmoid |
|
|
Term
| The superior and middle nasal concha are part of what bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bones does the squamosal suture run between? |
|
Definition
| The temporal and parietal bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The bregma is where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet..it is the site of the anterior fontanelle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The lambda is where the lambdoid suture meets the saggital suture..it is the site of the posterior fontanelle |
|
|
Term
| what does the cartilaginous optic capsule form in the development of ht skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forms the basal plate in the development of the skull? |
|
Definition
| Parachordial cartilages from either side of the developing notochord fuse together across the midline to form the basal plate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in skull development: prechordal cartilages form anterior to the notochord and fuse together to form an ethmoid plate |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 ossification centers in the development of the neurocranium? |
|
Definition
| occipital centers, sphenoid centers, ethmoid centers, and otic centers |
|
|
Term
| What causes an oblique facial cleft? |
|
Definition
| failure of merging of the maxillary and lateral nasal prominences |
|
|
Term
| What are the facial muscles that insert on the superior/lateral upper lib going medially to laterally? |
|
Definition
MEDIAL TO LATERAL:
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
levator labii superioris
zygomaticus minor
zygomaticus major
levator angui oris (deep to levator labii superioris)
risoris s |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference in the actions of zygomaticus minor and major? |
|
Definition
| zygomaticus minor elevates the upper lip, while zygomaticus major pulls the mouth upward and outward, as in smiling or laughing |
|
|
Term
| What cutaneous nn of the face come from V1? |
|
Definition
| the supraorbital and supratrochlear nn |
|
|
Term
| What cutaneous nn of the face come from V2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cutaneous nn of the face come from V3? |
|
Definition
| the mental n, buccal n, and auriculotemporal n |
|
|
Term
| The facial a is a branch of what a? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the terminal branches of the external carotid? |
|
Definition
| The superficial temporal and maxillary a |
|
|
Term
| What are the terminal branches of the maxillary a? |
|
Definition
| sphenopalatine a and descending palatine a |
|
|
Term
| What 2 vv join to form the retromandibular v? |
|
Definition
| the superficial temporal and maxillary vv |
|
|
Term
| How does the facial v drain into the internal jugular v? |
|
Definition
| It joins with the anterior branch of the retromandibular and then the two drain in |
|
|
Term
| What 3 types of lymph nodes contribute to the superficial ring? |
|
Definition
| parotid, submandibular, and submental |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 layers of the scalp going superficial to deep? |
|
Definition
| Skin, connective tissue (aa,vv,nn here), aponeurosis, loose CT (areolar CT), pericranium |
|
|
Term
| Where does the opthalmic a come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cutaneous inneravation of the scalp |
|
Definition
1.) branches of the trigeminal
2.) dorsal rami of cervical spinal nn C2 and C3
3.) branches of the cervical plexus |
|
|
Term
| What separates the parotid gland into superficial and deep parts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sensory innervation of the parotid gland |
|
Definition
| great auricular n ( also does parotid sheath and overlying skin) and auriculotemporal n |
|
|
Term
| what joins with the anterior division of the retromandibular v before it dumps into the internal jugular? |
|
Definition
| The facial v...forms the common facial v after merger |
|
|
Term
| what joins with the posterior division of the retromandibular v before it dumps into the external jugular v? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nn innervate the temporalis m? |
|
Definition
| temporal n from V3! (b/c is a mm of mastication, is innervated by V3) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what goes through the foramen cecum in the anterior cranial fossa? |
|
Definition
| an emissary v that links vv of the nasal cavity to the superior saggittal sinus |
|
|
Term
| the sella turcica is part of what bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 4 foramina lie in a crescent shape within the middle cranial fossa? |
|
Definition
| the superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum |
|
|
Term
| in the base of the skull, which hiatus is more anterior? the hiatus for the lesser petrosal n or for the greater petrosal n? |
|
Definition
| The hiatus for the lesser petrosal n is more anterior than the hiatus for the greater petrosal n! |
|
|
Term
| trigeminal cave of meckel |
|
Definition
| 2 layers of dura which encase the trigeminal ganglion |
|
|
Term
| where is the subarachnoid space? |
|
Definition
| deep to the arachnoid mater, in between it and the pia mater ...contains CSF |
|
|
Term
| location of the subdural space |
|
Definition
| (a potential space)...is deep to the meningeal layer of the dura mater and is in between the dura mater and arachnoid |
|
|
Term
| what forms the right transverse sinus |
|
Definition
| the superior sagittal sinus |
|
|
Term
| what forms the left transverse sinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the straight sinus? |
|
Definition
| the inferior sagittal sinus |
|
|
Term
| where do the sigmoid sinuses come from? |
|
Definition
| the paired transverse sinuses when they leave the plane of the tentorium cerebelli |
|
|
Term
| what forms the bulbs of the internal jugular vv? |
|
Definition
| the paired sigmoid sinuses |
|
|
Term
| where is the occipital sinus? |
|
Definition
| within the falx cerebelli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a dilation on one side of the internal occipital protuberance that represents the junction of straight, superior sagittal, and occipital sinuses with the transverse sinuses |
|
|
Term
| what structures can be found within the cavernous sinus? |
|
Definition
| CN3, 4, and the opthalmic and maxillary divisions of 5 are embedded in its outer wall...the internal carotid a and CN 6 lie within the body of the sinus itself |
|
|
Term
| the superior petrosal sinuses connect what 2 structures |
|
Definition
| the cavernous and transverse sinuses |
|
|
Term
| the inferior petrosal sinuses connect what 2 structures |
|
Definition
| cavernous sinus and internal jugular v |
|
|
Term
| What is enclosed within 2 layers of the superficial investing layer of deep cervical fascia |
|
Definition
| trapezius, SCM, parotid and submandibular glands |
|
|
Term
| the pretracheal fascia of the neck encloses what structures? |
|
Definition
| thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus...also the pretracheal fascia tethers the omohyoid muscle to the clavicle and forms the intermediate tendon of the digastric |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic trunks are embedded in what layer of cervical fascia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 2 smaller triangles are found in the posterior triangle and how are they divided |
|
Definition
| the posterior triangle is divided into the occipital triangle superiorly and the subclavian triangle inferiorly by the inferior belly of the omohyoid m. |
|
|
Term
| which scalene m inserts on the 2nd rib? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation of omohyoid m |
|
Definition
| (both belies) ansa cervicalis |
|
|
Term
| which infra hyoid m is NOT supplied by the ansa cervicalis? |
|
Definition
| the thyrohyoid (C1 via hypoglossal n) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 attachments of the SCM muscle? |
|
Definition
| anteriorly it has 2 heads: the sternal head which attaches to the manubrium stern and the clavicular head which attaches to the medial 3rd of the clavicle..posteriorly it attaches to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and the occipital bone |
|
|
Term
| what inneravtes the platysma? |
|
Definition
| the cervical branch of the facial n |
|
|
Term
| the phrenic n courses on top of what m of the neck? |
|
Definition
| the phrenic n courses on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene |
|
|
Term
| what 2 branches of the brachial plexus can u see in the neck? |
|
Definition
| the dorsal scapular n and the supra scapular n. |
|
|
Term
| the dorsal scapular n usually penetrates which neck m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the spinal accessory n is located in what layer of cervical fascia? |
|
Definition
| the investing layer of deep cervical fascia |
|
|
Term
| the right recurrent laryngeal n loops around what major a? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the hypoglossal n lies on the superficial surface of what m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the vertebral a enters the transverse foramina of the cervical spine at what level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 branches of the thyrocervical trunk |
|
Definition
SIT
suprascapular a, inferior thyroid a, transverse cervical a |
|
|
Term
| what major aa do the right and left common carotid aa come from? |
|
Definition
the right common carotid a originates off the brachiocephalic trunk
the left common carotid a originates off the arch of the aorta |
|
|
Term
| what nn innervate the carotid body? |
|
Definition
| the glossopharyngeal and vagus n |
|
|
Term
| the carotid sinus is a bulge of what a? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation of carotid sinus |
|
Definition
| the sinus nerve (of Hering) from CN9 (glossopharyngeal) |
|
|
Term
| where do the lingual and facial aa come off the external carotid a in relation to one another? |
|
Definition
| the lingual a comes off more inferiorly while the facial a comes off more superiorly |
|
|
Term
| blood supply and venous drainage of the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
Blood supply:
superior thyroid a from external carotid a
inferior thyroid a from thyrocervical trunk
Venous drainage:
superior and middle thyroid vv drain into the internal jugular v
inferior thyroid v drains into the brachiocephalic v |
|
|
Term
| the anterior atlantooccipital membrane is a continuation of what ligament? |
|
Definition
| the anterior longitudinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| the posterior atlantooccipital membrane is a continuation of what ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what pierces the posterior atlantooccipital membrane? |
|
Definition
| the vertebral a pierces the posterior atlantooccipital membrane on its way to the foramen magnum |
|
|
Term
| the tectorial membrane is a continuation of what ligament |
|
Definition
| the posterior longitudinal ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually described as a fracture of the pedicles of the axis; may involve a fracture of the dens and/or transverse portion of the cruciate ligament |
|
|
Term
| innervation longus capitis |
|
Definition
| ventral rami of C1-C4 spinal n |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventral rami C3-C8 spinal n |
|
|
Term
| where does the pre vertebral fascia extend from, moving superiorly to inferiorly? |
|
Definition
| extends from the base of the skull to vertebra T3, fuses with the anterior longitudinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| how far inferiorly does the pharynx entend? |
|
Definition
| extends inferiorly to the level of the cricoid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| the retrophayngeal space is located between which two fascial layers? |
|
Definition
| the buccopharyngeal fascia and the pre vertebral fascia |
|
|
Term
| what n gives general sensation to the pharynx between the opening of the auditory tube and the larynx via the pharyngeal plexus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inferior ganglion plus the vagus n |
|
|
Term
| the sphenomandibular ligament runs between what 2 structures |
|
Definition
| the lingual of the mandible and the spine of the sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| which mm of mastication protract the mandible, and which retract the mandible? |
|
Definition
the masseter m, lateral pterygoid m, and medial pterygoid m protract the mandible
the horizontally oriented fibers of the temporal is m RETRACT the mandible |
|
|
Term
| what bony landmark indicates the transition between the temporal and infra temporal fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the maxillary a exit the infra temporal fossa? |
|
Definition
| by entering the pterygomaxillary fissure...once in there the maxillary a terminates as the sphenopalatine and descending palatine aa |
|
|
Term
| what types of movements are permitted by the inferior compartment of the TMJ joint and the superior compartment of the TMJ joint, respectively |
|
Definition
| the inferior compartment permits hinge movements, while the superior compartment permits a gliding motion of the mandible from the mandibular fossa onto the articular surface of the temporal bone..also pivoting of the condyle about a vertical axis mainly involves the superior component |
|
|
Term
| which mm of mastication acts on the mandible to produce a gliding motion of the mandible from the mandibular fossa onto the articular surface of the temporal bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what motion is "depression" of the mandible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when the mandible laterally deviates to one side, the contralateral condyle___ while the ipsilateral condyle ___ |
|
Definition
| contralateral condyle glides anteriorly while the ipsilateral condyle pivots |
|
|
Term
| what 2 bones contribute to the floor of the nasal septum |
|
Definition
| the nasal crests of the sphenoid and palatine bones |
|
|
Term
| what 2 bones (specific names for bone parts) comprise the floor of the nasal cavity? |
|
Definition
| the palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone (the hard palate) |
|
|
Term
| what 4 bones comprise the roof of the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
| the frontal bone, nasal bones, ethmoidal bone and sphenoidal bone |
|
|
Term
| the superior and middle nasal concha are part of what bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what branches of the opthalmic division of the trigeminal n are found in the nasal cavity? |
|
Definition
| the anterior ethmoidal n (a branch of the nasociliary n) |
|
|
Term
| where does the external nasal n come from and what does it innervate? |
|
Definition
| the external nasal n is the anterior continuation of the anterior ethmoidal n and it provides cutaneous innervation to the apex of the nose |
|
|
Term
| what branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal n are seen in the nasal cavity and how do these branches get into the cavity |
|
Definition
| posterior superior nasal branches, posterior inferior nasal branches, and the nasopalatine n..these all enter the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen |
|
|
Term
| the posterior inferior nasal branches are derived from what branch of the maxillary n? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nn and aa anastomose in the incisive canal? |
|
Definition
NN: the nasopalatine n and the greater palatine n
AA: posterior septal branch of the sphenopalatine a and the greater palatine a |
|
|
Term
| what are the posterior, medial, and anterior borders of the pterygopalatine fossa? |
|
Definition
| the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone posteriorly, the palatine bone medially, and the maxilla anteriorly |
|
|
Term
| what structure connects the pterygopalatine fossa to the infra temporal fossa? |
|
Definition
| the pterygomaxillary fissure |
|
|
Term
| review foramen of the pterygopalatine fossa p. 6 of 10 nose lecture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the course of the zygomatic n |
|
Definition
| the zygomatic n branches from the maxillary division of the trigeminal n within the pterygopalatine fossa, and then exits the fossa via the inferior orbital fissure and ultimately splits into the sygomaticofacial n and the zygomaticotemporal n |
|
|
Term
| describe the course of the pharyngeal n |
|
Definition
| the pharyngeal n branches off of the greater and lesser palatine nn in the pterygopalatine fossa and then enter the pharyngeal canal to innervate mucous membranes of the nasopharynx posterior to the auditory tube |
|
|
Term
| what 2 structures do the pterygopalatine nn connect? |
|
Definition
| they connect the maxillary division of the trigeminal n to the pterygopalatine ganglion...these pterygopalatine nn are SENEORY NOT AUTONOMIC and thus do NOT synapse in the ganglion..they provide the sensory fiber from CN5 to the pterygopalatine ganglion |
|
|
Term
| nn which leave the pterygopalatine ganglion |
|
Definition
posterior nasal, pharyngeal, greater and lesser palatine nn
***nn from the ganglion also innervate lacrimal gland (hop on via zygomaticotemporal n) |
|
|
Term
| the buccopharyngeal fascia is continuous inferiorly with what fascial layer? |
|
Definition
| The buccopharyngeal fascia is continuous inferiorly with the pre tracheal fascia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the internal fibrous layer of the pharynx...strongest superiorly...helps to suspend the pharynx from the skull |
|
|
Term
| what "isthmus" separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx? |
|
Definition
| the pharyngeal isthmus (p.63 netters...si between the uvula and the pharyngobasillar fascia) |
|
|
Term
| the oropharyngeal isthmus separates what 2 structures? What is the faucial isthmus? |
|
Definition
| the oropharyngeal isthmus separates the orophraynx form the oral cavity and is located between palatoglossal folds...the faucial isthmus is a deeper passageway which extends posteriorly to the palatopharyngeal folds (palatine tonsils lie within the faucial isthmus) |
|
|
Term
| anterior/posterior attachments of the superior constrictor |
|
Definition
anteriorly: superior constrictor attaches to the medial pterygoid plate and the pterygomandibular rap he
posteriorly: the superior constrictor attaches to the median pharyngeal raphe and the pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone |
|
|
Term
| anterior attachments of the middle constrictor |
|
Definition
| stylohyoid ligament and the horns of the hyoid bone |
|
|
Term
| anterior attachments of the inferior constrictor |
|
Definition
| the thyroid and cricoid cartilages of the larynx |
|
|
Term
| what are the attachments of the palatopharyngeus m? |
|
Definition
superior attachment: soft palate
inferior attachment: thyroid cartilage and the inner wall of the laryngopharynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| attachments of the palatoglossus m |
|
Definition
superior attachment: soft palate
inferior attachment: side of tongue
** the purpose of this m is to help create a seal between the oral cavity and oropharynx when sucking |
|
|
Term
| attachments of the levitator veil palatine |
|
Definition
originates from the tip of the petrous part of the temporal bone near the foramen lacerum and inserts on the soft palate
when looking at a bisected cadaver like our, the levitator veil palatine will be ON TOP of the tensor veil palatini |
|
|
Term
| attachments of the tensor veil palatini |
|
Definition
| originates from the scaphoid fossa of the scaphoid bone and the lateral membranous wall of the auditory tube and inserts on the posterior margin of th heard palate as the palatine apoeurosis...first curving around the pterygois hamulus |
|
|
Term
| which muscle..tensor or levitator veil palatine opens the auditory tube? |
|
Definition
| the tensor veil palatini opens the auditory tube by pulling on its lateral membranous wall during swallowing or yawning |
|
|
Term
| innervation tensor veli palatini |
|
Definition
| mandibular division of the trigeminal n |
|
|
Term
| innervation levator veli palatini |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation of the pharyngeal soft palate mm except stylopharyngeus and tensor veil palatini |
|
Definition
| vagus n, with help from the cranial part of the accessory n via pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, and recurrent laryngeal nn |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the voluntary mm of the esophagus |
|
Definition
| the recurrent laryngeal n |
|
|
Term
| sensory innervation of the soft palate and the superior part of the nasopharynx |
|
Definition
| maxillary division of the trigeminal n |
|
|
Term
| sensory innervation of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and part of the laryngophaynx and part of the soft palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sensory innervation of the laryngopharynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what a provides blood to the palatine tonsil and part of the nasopharynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| composition of the walls of the auditory tube |
|
Definition
| anterior 2/3 of the auditory tube has a wall that is cartilaginous superiorly and medially, but membranous laterally...the posterior 1/3 is within the temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| how does the pharyngeal isthmus close during swallowing? |
|
Definition
| the levitator veil palatine pulls the sort palate superiorly and posteriorly while the superior contractor contracts |
|
|
Term
| describe the volume of air/changes in your pharynx when making high pitched vs low pitched sounds |
|
Definition
To make high pitched sounds the larynx is raised to reduce the volume of the oropharynx, the pharyngeal isthmus is narrowed or even closed, and the volume of the oral cavity is reduced
to make low pitched sounds, the larynx is lowered to expand the oropharynx, the pharyngeal isthmus is kept open, and the oral cavity is enlarged |
|
|
Term
| dental formula per quadrant of baby teeth |
|
Definition
| 2 incisors, 1 canine, 0 premolars, and 2 molars |
|
|
Term
| first eruption of baby teeth occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| last eruption of baby teeth occurs.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shedding of baby teeth occurs... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the inferior alveolar a and n branch from |
|
Definition
| the inferior alveolar a is a branch of the maxillary a....but the inferior alveolar n is a branch of the mandibular n |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where the duct of the submandibular gland opens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fold of mucous membrane containing the openings of the ducts of the sublingual glands |
|
|
Term
| origin/insertion hyoglossus m |
|
Definition
originates on body and greater horn of the hyoid bone (wide origin..why it is so rectangular)
inserts on the side of the tongue |
|
|
Term
| action of the genioglossus m |
|
Definition
| depresses and protrudes tongue |
|
|
Term
| nn and a that course superficial/deep to the hyoglossus |
|
Definition
| lingual and hypoglossal n course superficially, lingual a course deep |
|
|
Term
| innervation extrinsic mm of the tongue |
|
Definition
| hypoglossal n to all intrinsic and extrinsic mm of tongue (longitudinal, vertical, transverse mm and styloglosus, hyoglossus, and genioglossus) EXCEPT palatoglossus..which is innervated by vagus n |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the course of the submandibular duct |
|
Definition
| starts at the submandibular gland, exits between the mylohyoid m laterally and the hyoglossus and genioglossus m medially. crosses the lingual n superiorly before opening into the mouth at the sublingual caruncle |
|
|
Term
| blood supply to the submandibular gland |
|
Definition
| sublingual branch of the lingual a, sub mental branch of the facial a |
|
|
Term
| drainage of the deep nodes of the neck |
|
Definition
| the deep nodes on the right side drain into the venous system at the point where the subclavian and internal jugular vv join to form the brachiocephalic v...those on the left drain into the thoracic duct |
|
|
Term
| the larynx lies at what vertebrae levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the superior and inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage attach to? |
|
Definition
the superior horn of the thyroid cartilage attaches to the hyoid bone by a ligament
the inferior horn articulates with the cricoid cartilage via a synovial joint |
|
|
Term
| the esophagus attaches to what aspect of the cartilage of the larynx? |
|
Definition
| the esophagus attaches to the wide posterior lamina of the cricoid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what do the 4 articular facets of the cricoid cartilage articulate with? |
|
Definition
| two articulate with the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage and two articulate with the arytenoid cartilages |
|
|
Term
| which of the cartilages of the larynx are hyaline? |
|
Definition
| thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid...the epiglottic, corniculate, and cuneiform are all elastic |
|
|
Term
| what 2 mm attach to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage |
|
Definition
| the posterior cricoarytenoid and the lateral cricoarytenoid |
|
|
Term
| what pierces the thyrohyoid membrane? |
|
Definition
| the superior laryngeal a and internal branch of the superior laryngeal n |
|
|
Term
| superior and inferior borders of the quadrangular membrane? |
|
Definition
| the upper edge of the quadrangular membrane is in the aryepiglottic fold...the lower edge is the vestibular ligament in the vestibular fold |
|
|
Term
| what does the cricovocal membrane attach to? |
|
Definition
| the cricovocal membrane attaches superiorly to the vocal ligament and inferiorly and more laterally to the cricoid membrane |
|
|
Term
| what movement occurs at the cricothyroid joint? |
|
Definition
| rotary and gliding movements (this is a synovial joint!) |
|
|
Term
| what movement occurs at the cricoarytenoid joint? |
|
Definition
| gliding and rotating movements (this is a synovial joint!) |
|
|
Term
| what 3 mm depress the larynx? |
|
Definition
| sternothyroid, omohyoid, and sternohyoid |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the intrinsic mm of the larynx |
|
Definition
| the cricothyroid m is innervated by the external laryngeal n...the rest of the intrinsic mm are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal n |
|
|
Term
| where is the thyroepiglottic m located? |
|
Definition
| the upper fibers of the thyroarytenoid m (the one on top of the vocal ligaments) are prolonged into the aryepiglottic fold and called the thyroepiglottic m |
|
|
Term
| what is the only intrinsic m of the larynx that opens the rim a glottides? |
|
Definition
| the posterior cricoarytenoid m |
|
|
Term
| what separates the paired valleculae? |
|
Definition
| the median glossoepiglottic fold |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening between the vestibular folds (false vocal folds) |
|
|
Term
| what is the space between the vestibular and vocal folds called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening between the true vocal folds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the opening between the true vocal folds plus the vocal folds themselves and parts of the arytenoid cartilages |
|
|
Term
| how does bilateral destruction of both recurrent laryngeal nn result in suffocation? |
|
Definition
| there is unopposed contraction of the cricothyroid mm...closes the rima glottidis |
|
|
Term
| blood supply to the larynx |
|
Definition
1.) superior laryngeal a from the superior thyroid a from the external carotid
2.) inferior laryngeal a from the inferior thyroid a from the thyrocervical trunk off the subclavian a |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the superior portion of the auricle |
|
Definition
| mandibular division of CN V |
|
|
Term
| innervation of the area around and inside the external auditory meatus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation of the lower portion of the auricle |
|
Definition
| cervical nn from the cervical plexus |
|
|
Term
| the lateral ___ of the auditory meatus is cartilage...the middle ___ of the meatus is bone |
|
Definition
| lateral 1/3 cartilage, medial 2/3 bone |
|
|
Term
| how do u pull the auricle to straighten the meatus? |
|
Definition
| upward, outward, and backwards |
|
|
Term
| what nn contribute to the tympanic plexus found on the surface of the promontory? |
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Definition
| nn contributions from CN 7,9, and 10.. contains sensory and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that will synapse on the otic ganglion |
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Term
| structures found on the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity |
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Definition
| the opening to the external auditory meatus, closed by the tympanic membrane, chorda tympani |
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Term
| things found on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity |
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Definition
| promontory of cochlea, tympanic plexus over the promontory, oval window, stapes, canal for facial n, prominence over the lateral semicircular canal, round window |
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Term
| things found on the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity |
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Definition
| the opening of the bony portion of the auditory tube, split into superior and inferior portions |
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Term
| things found on the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity |
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Definition
| the aditus leading to the antrum, which leads into the mastoid air cells, vertical portion of the facial canal, containing the descending portion of the facial n, chord tympani, the pyramid and stapedius m |
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Term
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Definition
| the peak of the depressed central area of the tympanic membrane |
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Term
| what articulates with the long crus of the incus |
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Definition
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Term
| what is attached to the short crus of the incus? |
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Definition
| a ligament which attaches to the epitympanic recess |
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Term
| innervation of the tensor tympani muscle |
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Definition
| the mandibular division of CN V (just like the area around/inside the auditory meatus!!) |
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Term
| innervation of the stapedius m |
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Definition
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Term
| whats the difference between endolymph and perilymph? |
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Definition
| endolymph is contained within the membranous labyrinth...between the membranous labyrinth and the bony labyrinth is perilymph |
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Term
| the oval window and round window are located in what portions of the bony labyrinth? |
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Definition
| the oval window is in the wall of the vestibule, the round window is in the wall of the cochlea |
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Term
| the utricle and saccule are components of what? |
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Definition
| the membranous labyrinth.. |
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Term
| what parts of the inner ear are responsible for coordinating balance and positional changes of the head, respectively |
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Definition
| the semicircular canals of the membranous labyrinth coordinate equilibrium, while the utricle and saccule contain otoliths which aid in detecting positional changes of the head |
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Term
| what are the 2 divisions of the vestibulocochlear n once it enters the inner ear cavity |
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Definition
| the cochlear division and vestibular division |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of any structure that assists in creating movement at the oval or round windows |
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Term
| sensorineural hearing loss |
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Definition
| lesion damage of any portion of the nervous system that is involved in conduction and interpretation of nerve impulses from the vestibular-cochlear n |
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Term
| pharyngeal pouches are lined with... |
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Definition
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Term
| pharyngeal grooves are lined with... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tissue that separates the pharyngeal pouch from the pharyngeal groove..consist of a layer of ectoderm on the outside and a layer of endoderm on the inside...a layer of mesenchyme is sandwiched in between |
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Term
| describe the change in the mesenchyme of the pharyngeal arches that occurs in week 4 of life...and derivatives of both types of mesenchyme |
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Definition
prior to week 4, the mesenchyme is derived from mesoderm..after week 4 the mesenchyme in the arch is derived from migrated neural arch cells
the neural crest cells will contribute to skeletal (bone) structures....the original mesodermally-derived mesenchyme will form skeletal muscles and endothelial cells (inside blood vessels) |
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Term
| in addition to its mesenchymal core...each pharyngeal arch also contains what 4 structures |
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Definition
| 1.) a blood vessel called an aortic arch 2.) a cartilaginous rod that forms the skeleton of the arch 3.) a muscular component 4.) a cranial n |
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Term
| 2 main categories of 1st arch syndrome |
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Definition
| treacher collins syndrome and pierre robin syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which there is congenital absence of the thymus and parathyroid glands, along with facial abnormalities |
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Term
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Definition
| an extension of the second arch that covers grooves 2-5 |
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