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Anatomy Chapter5
Integumentary
54
Biology
Undergraduate 1
01/22/2011

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Term
What are the components of the integumentary system?
Definition
Skin & its derivatives(nails, hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands)
Term
Skin Functions
Definition
barrier, immunological function, homeostasis, sense organ, thermoregulation , endocrine function, & excretion
Term
Layers of the skin
Definition
Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis
Term
Characterisitcs of the Epidermis.
Definition
epithelial tissue, avascular, protective layer.
Term
What cells are found in the epidermis?
Definition
Stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, and langerhan cells.
Term
What are stem cells?
Definition
undifferientiated cells that give rise that divide to give rise to keratinocytes.
Term
What are keratinocytes?
Definition
epidermal cells that secrete keratin a protective layer.
Term
What are melanocytes?
Definition
cells in the stratum basale that synthesize melanin.
Term
langerhan's cells
Definition
epidermal dendritic cells . phagocytes that arise from the bone marrow & epidermis.
Term
Merkel cells.
Definition
cells situated in the epidermal-dermal junction. they act as touch receptors
Term
Name the layrs of the epidermis.
Definition
Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, and Stratum Corneum.
Term
Describe the Stratum Basale
Definition
1layer of stem cells, base layer,has active keratinocytes. Also has melanocytes and merkel cells.
Term
Describe th Stratum Spinosum
Definition
after the basale. Has spiny cells (Keratinocytes)& pre- keratin filamnts attached to each other by desmosomes.
Term
Describe the Stratum Granulosum layer.
Definition
last layer of non keratinized epidermis. Last layer in w/c cells are alive. nucleus & organelles are breaking down! Lamellated granules & keratinohyaline granules
Term
Stratum Lucidum
Definition
After the granulosum. has flat, dead keratinocytes. Seen only in thick skin like palms, soles.
Term
Stratum Corneum
Definition
broad zone of dead , scaly keratinized cells . Resistant to water loss
Term
What are Lamellated granules?
Definition
little packages with glycolipids that make cells water proof.
Term
How often does the epidermis regenerat?
Definition
every 25-45 days.
Term
What is one disease of the Keratinocyte?
Definition
Basal cell carcinoma(cancer of the stratum basale, least malignant)
Term
What is squamous cell carcinoma?
Definition
Cancer of the stratum spinosum.. it grows rapidly (treated with surgery and radiation)
Term
Melanoma
Definition
cancer of the melanocytes.
Term
checking for moles?
Definition
assymetry, border irregularity, color, diameter(greater than 6mm), elevation
Term
Describe the dermis.
Definition
layer beneath the epidermis. flexible connective tissue, collagen, fibroblasts, elastic fibers, reticular fibers, mast cells, blood vessels, nerve cells, sweat glands.
Term
What are the layers of the Dermis?
Definition
papillary layer(finger like extensions of the dermis,epidermal ridges, areolar loose c. tissue, meissner's corpuscles.) and reticular layer(dense irregular connective layer, collagen layers, cleavage line, elastin)
Term
How do finger prints form?
Definition
from the wavy bounderies of the dermal papillae
Term
How are strach marks formed?
Definition
stretching of the reticular layer.
Term
Describe the hypodermis?
Definition
underlines the dermis &mainly adipose tissue.
Term
Functions of the hypodermis
Definition
fat storage, loose anchor,shock absorber, insulator
Term
functions of hair
Definition
touch receptors, filters, prevents heat loss, sunlight protection.
Term
hair structure
Definition
shaft(outside the skin) & root (embedded in the skin)
Term
What determines hair color?
Definition
different types of melanin
Term
what causes goose bumps?
Definition
arrector pilli
Term
What is Necrobiosis Lipoidica?
Definition
a degenerative collagen disease which leads to bleeding and ulceration of cells
Term
What is the component of nails?
Definition
hard keratin
Term
what the 3 main parts of a nail?
Definition
free edge, body and root.
Term
What determines the hair texture(curly, wavy,)?
Definition
Shape of the shaft
Term
types of sweat glands
Definition
Eccrine and Apocrine glands.
Term
Eccrine Glands
Definition
found in palms, soles, forehead. Produce true sweat (99% water, dermicidin antibiotic, vitamin C)
Term
Apocrine
Definition
found in anogenital & axillary areas like armpits(tru sweat, fatty substances and proteins).
Term
What causes bad odor?
Definition
When bacteria decomposes the sweat.
Term
What are sebaceous glands?
Definition
glands that are eveywhere except in palms and soles. they secrete sebum
Term
fuctions of sebum
Definition
softens hair and skin, keeps skin moisturized, bacterialcidal.
Term
Ceruminous glands
Definition
appcrine glands in the ear canal that secrete ear wax (cerumn) that blocks entry of foreign material
Term
mammary gland
Definition
secrete milk in response to hormones
Term
Skin functions
Definition
chemical barriers, physical barrier, biological barriern body temp. regulation, sensation, metabolism, excretion and blood reservior
Term
What are burns?
Definition
tissue damage caused by intense heat, electricity, radiation, and chemicals
Term
What is the main threat of burns?
Definition
loss of body fluids.
Term
what is the rule of nines?
Definition
used to determine the volume of fluid lost from burns
Term
first degree burns
Definition
superficial redness, swelling, pain in the epidermis only.
Term
second degree burns
Definition
epidermis and upper epidermis, redness , swelling, blistering & very painful
Term
third degree burns
Definition
full thickness burns, entir thickness of the skin. Not painful!
Term
when is a burn fatal?
Definition
if over 25% is 2nd degree burns, 10% 3rd degree, or 3rd degree on hands , face or feet
Term
Characteristics of aging.
Definition
thinning or epidermis, age spots , synthesis of collagen & elastin fibers slows, melanin pdn slows, reduced sensitivity to pain and pressure & reduced temp regulation ability
Term
What causes wrinkles?
Definition
reduction in collagen & elastin fiber production leading to sagging of the dermis.
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