Term
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Definition
-126 bones
-Bones of skull, thorax, and vertebral column
-Form longitudinal axis of body |
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Term
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Definition
-80 bones
-Bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
-Thin, roughly parallel surfaces
Examples: cranial bones, sternum |
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Term
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Definition
-Wormian bones
-Irregular bones formed between cranial bones
-Number, size, and shape vary |
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Term
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Definition
-Relatively long and slender
Examples: various bones of the limbs |
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Term
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Definition
-Complex shapes
Examples: vertebrae, bones of pelvis, facial bones |
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Term
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Definition
-Small, flat, and somewhat shaped like sesame seed
-Develop in tendons of knee, hands, and feet
-Individual variation in location and number |
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Term
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Definition
-Small and boxy
Examples: bones of the wrist (carpals) and ankles (tarsals) |
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Term
| What are the 4 bone cell types? |
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Definition
-Osteocytes
-Osteoblasts
-Osteoprogenitor
-Osteoclasts |
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Term
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Definition
-Mature bone cells that cannot divide
-Most numerous bone cell type
-Maintain protein and mineral content of adjacent matrix
-Occupy lacunae |
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Term
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Definition
-Produce new bony matrix
-Become osteocytes once surrounded by bony matrix |
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Term
| What are Osteoprogenitor cells? |
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Definition
-Mesenchymal (stem) cells that produce cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
-Important in fracture repair |
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Term
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Definition
-Remove and remodel bone matrix
-Giant cells with 50+ nuclei
-Release acids and proteolytic enzymes to dissolve matrix and release stored minerals |
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Term
| What are the 2 layers of the Periosteum? |
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Definition
-Fibrous outer layer
-Cellular inner layer |
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Term
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Definition
| -Overproduction of growth hormone before puberty |
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Term
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Definition
-Epiphyseal cartilage grows unusually slowly
-Limbs are very short
-Midget |
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Term
| What is Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)? |
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Definition
| -Gene mutation that causes bone deposition around skeletal muscles |
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Term
| What is the most abundant mineral in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What controls Calcium levels? |
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Definition
-Intestines
-Bones
-Kidneys |
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Term
| What factor increases blood calcium levels? |
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Definition
| -Parathyroid hormone (from parathyroid glands) |
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Term
| What factor decreases blood calcium levels? |
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Definition
| -Calcitonin from thyroid gland C cells |
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Term
| Where is a Pott fracture? |
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Definition
-Ankle
-Affects both leg bones |
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Term
| Where is a Colles fracture? |
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Definition
| -a break in the distal portion of the radius |
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Term
| Where is a Transverse fracture? |
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Definition
-around the ulna
-break a bone shaft across its long axis |
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Term
| Where are Spiral fractures located and what are they? |
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Definition
-around the tibia
-they are produced by twisting stresses that spread along the length of the bone. |
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