SKULL- CRANIUM AND FACIAL BONES

HYOID BONE

VERTEBRAL COLUMN- INCLUDES THE CERVICAL, THORACIC, AND LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, THE SACRUM, AND THE COCCYX

RIB CAGE- STERNUM AND RIBS

1ST CERVICAL VERTEBRA

ARTICULATES WITH OCCIPITAL CONDYLE OF THE SKULL

ALLOWS UP AND DOWN MOVEMENT (NODDING YES)

2ND CERVICAL VERTEBRA

ALLOWS LEFT AND RIGHT ROTATION OF THE ATLAS AND SKULL (NO)

COMPOSED OF FIBROCARTILAGE

SHOCK ABSORBER BETWEEN VERTEBRAE

EACH VERTEBRA HAS A LEFT AND RIGHT LATERAL PROJECTION

SERVES AS ATTACHMENT POINT FOR TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS

EACH VERTEBRA HAS A LEFT AND RIGHT FACET

ARTICULATES WITH INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACET OF VERTEBRA ABOVE IT

SINGLE POSTERIOR PROJECTION

CAN BE FELT AS THE BACKBONE

SERVES AS ATTACHMENT POINT FOR TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS

POSTERIOR PORTION OF VERTEBRAL ARCH

BETWEEN SPINOUS PROCESS AND TRANSVERSE PROCESS

ANTERIOR PORTION OF VERTEBRAL ARCH

BETWEEN BODY AND TRANSVERSE PROCESS

SIDES OF THE VERTEBRA

FORMED BY FUSION OF PEDICLE AND LAMINA

CONNECT TO STERNUM VIA COSTAL CARTILAGE

ALSO CALLED TRUE RIBS OR VERTEBROSTERNAL RIBS

CONNECT TO STERNUM VIA SHARED CARTILAGE

ALSO CALLED FALSE RIBS

DO NOT CONNECT TO STERNUM AT ALLALSO PART OF FALSE RIBS

ALSO CALLED FLOATING RIBS

FLAT BONE

FORMS THE ANTERIOR MIDLINE OF THE RIB CAGE

ALSO CALLED BREAST BONE

COMPOSED OF 126 BONES 

PROVIDE IMPORTANT JOINT AND MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS THAT ALLOW THE WIDE VARIETY OF MOVEMENTS POSSIBLE WITH OUR ARMS AND LEGS

CLAVICLE AND SCAPULLA

THE FUNCTION: TO CONNECT THE UPPER EXTREMITY TO THE AXIAL SKELETON

ILIUM,ISCHIUM, AND PUBIS

THE FUNCTION: TO CONNECT THE LOWER EXTREMITY TO THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

SUPERIOR PORTION OF THE PELVIS.

COMPOSED OF THE FLARED, SUPERIOR REGION OF EACH ILIUM AND THE SACRAL PROMONTORY

SECRETED BY SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

FILLS JOINT CAVITY 

LUBRICATES ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

REDUCES FRICTION AS BONES MOVE AGAINST EACH OTHER

STRIPS OF DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

CONNECT BONE TO BONE TO STABILIZE THE JOINT

ALSO REINFORCE THE JOINT CAPSULE

CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERING OF BONES

BLENDS INTO JOINT CAPSULE

LINES THE JOINT CAPSULE

SECRETES SYNOVIAL FLUID

HYALINE CARTILAGE

COVERS ENDS OF EACH BONE IN THE JOINT

CUSHIONS ENDS OF BONE

PREVENTS BONE RUBBING ON BONE

• ROUNDED END OF ONE BONE FITS INTO CONCAVE SURFACE OF OTHER
• UNIAXIAL
• ALLOWS ONLY FLEXION AND EXTENSION
• EXAMPLE IS THE ELBOW

• JOINT SURFACES FIT TOGETHER LIKE A RIDER SITTING IN A SADDLE
• BIAXIAL
• CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT OF THUMB

• SURFACES OF TWO BONES ARE ALMOST FLAT
• ALLOWS BONES TO GLIDE PAST EACH OTHER
• UNIAXIAL OR BIAXIAL
• EXAMPLES ARE INTERTARSAL JOINTS

BALL-SHAPED HEAD OF ONE BONE FITS INTO CUP-SHAPED DEPRESSION OF OTHER

MULTIAXIAL

EXAMPLE IS SHOULDER JOINT

ROUNDED OR CONE-SHAPED SURFACE OF ONE BONE FITS INTO SHALLOW DEPRESSION OF OTHER

UNIAXIAL

ALLOWS FOR ROTATION IN ONE PLANE

EXAMPLE IS SUPERIOR RADIOULNAR JOINT OF ELBOW

OVAL CONDYLE OF ONE BONE FITS INTO DEPRESSION OF OTHER

BIAXIAL

ALLOWS FLEXION/EXTENSION AND ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION

EXAMPLE IS METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINT

CIRCULAR MOVEMENT

COMBINATION OF FLEXION, EXTENSION, ABDUCTION, AND ADDUCTION