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Anatomy and Morphology 2: Fruits and Flowers
Fruits/Flowers and parts of them (possibly including various processes)
37
Plant Sciences
Undergraduate 1
02/13/2014

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Term
Fruit
Definition
The structure that develops from the ovary for several ovaries and sometimes adjactent flower parts after pollination and fertilization have been achieved, a ripened ovary bearing seeds.
Term
Simple Fruit
Definition
Always develops from a single ovary containing one or more carpels and may or may not include additional modified accessory structures. Includes Berry, Drupe, Hesperidium, Pepo, and Pome.
Term
Drupe
Definition
Fruit is fleshy and has a hard stony pit containing a seed. Peaches, cherries, and plums.
Term

Berry

 

Definition
Have one to several carpels, each with one to many seeds, and flesh is soft throughout.Tomatoes, Peppers, and Grapes.
Term
Hesperidium
Definition
Citrus fruits which have leathery rinds containing oil packets. Oranges, Lemons, and Grapefruits.
Term
Pome
Definition
Fleshy fruits whose fruits come from an enlarged floral table and receptacle. Apples and Pears.
Term
Pepo
Definition
Similar to berry with thick outer rind. Melons and Pumpkins.
Term
Aggregate Fruit
Definition
A fruit consisting of many individual small fruits derived from separate ovaries. Raspberries, Blackberries, and Strawberries.
Term
Multiple Fruit
Definition
Fruits formed when the fruitlets made by individual flowers in a single inflorescence fuse together to make a single large fruit.Pineapples, Figs, and Mulberries.
Term
Anthers
Definition
The part of the staymen that contains the pollen sacs.
Term
Stamen
Definition
The male structure in flowers, consisting of the filament and anther, in which pollen is produced.
Term
Filament
Definition
The stalk-like structure that bears the anthers in flowering plants.
Term
Stigma
Definition
The area on the pistil that recieves the pollen grains.
Term
Style
Definition
In the flower's pistil, the style is the column of tissue between the stigma and the ovary thorugh which the pollen tubes grow.
Term
Ovary
Definition
The broad, round lower portion of the carpel in flowering plants, where the ovules are located. Fruits develop from ovaries.
Term
Pistil
Definition
The entire carpel or several fused carpels consisting of stigma, style, and ovary.
Term
Sepals
Definition
The outermost whorl of floral parts, which are leaflike and usually green.
Term
Petals
Definition
The whorl of nonreproductive flower parts lying just aboe the sepals. Petals are usually brightly colored to attract pollinators.
Term
Receptacle
Definition
The enlarged area at the end of a peduncle to which the flower parts are attached.
Term
Calyx
Definition
The whorl of sepals in a flower.
Term
Corolla
Definition
Collection of petals.
Term
Stylar Tip
Definition
The tip top of a nectarine. I got nothing. I am going to ask my teaching assistant.
Term
Exocarp
Definition
The outer layer of the pericarp of a fruit.
Term
Mesocarp
Definition
The middle layer of the pericarp of a fruit, between the endocarp and the exocarp.
Term
Endocarp
Definition
The innermost layer of the pericarp that surrounds a seed in a fruit. It may be membranous (as in apples) or woody (as in the stone of a peach or cherry).
Term
Seed
Definition
A flowering plant's unit of reproduction, capable of developing into another such plant.
Term
Schlernchyma
Definition
Strengthening tissue in a plant, formed from cells with thickened, typically lignified, walls.
Term
Locule
Definition
In Angiosperms (flowering plants), the term locule usually refers to a chamber within an ovary (gynoecium or carpel) of the flowerand fruits. Depending on the number of locules in the ovary, fruits can be classified as uni-locular (unilocular), bi-loculartri-locular or multi-locular. The number of locules present in a gynoecium may be equal to or less than the number of carpels. The locules contain the ovules or seeds.
Term

Trichomes

Definition
Spiky or hairlike projections from the epidermal surfaces of plants, especially those of leaves, that offer protection from excessive light, ultraviolet radiation, extreme air temperature, or attack.
Term
Drupelet
Definition
Each individual drupe within larger drupes (aggregate fruits).
Term
Achenes
Definition
A type of simple, dry indehiscent fruit containing a single seed attached to the fruit wall at only a single point. Sunflower fruits and the fruits embedded on the surfaces of strawberries are examples.
Term
Vascular Bundles
Definition
Primary conducting tissues that occur in a group; a vein in a plant.
Term
Vesicles
Definition
The juice vesicles (or pulp) of a citrus fruit are the membranous content of the fruit’s endocarp.[1] The vesicles contain the juice of the fruit. The pulp is usually removed from the juice by filtering it out. 
Term
Complete Flower
Definition
A flower having all four floral parts or whorls: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
Term
Perfect Flower
Definition
A flower having both stamens and carpels. Most angiosperms have perfect flowers.
Term
Carpel
Definition

An organ (generally believed to be a modified foliar unit) at the centre of a flower, bearing one or more ovules and having its margins fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule in an ovary, and consisting also of a stigma and usually a style. These fused carpels form a Pistil.

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