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| region between the thorax and pelvis |
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| apace in front of the elbow |
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| groin- depressed area of the abdominal wall near the thigh |
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| region of the lower back between the ribs and the pelvis (loin) |
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| lower posterior region of the head |
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| region between the anus and the external reproductive organs |
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| posterior region between the hipbones |
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| middle of the thorax, anteriorly |
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| ankle- instep of the foot |
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| branch of medical science dealing with the heart and heart diseases |
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| study of skin and its diseases |
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| study of hormones, hormone-secreting glands, and associated diseases |
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| the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations |
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| study of the stomach and intestines, as well as their diseases |
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| branch of medicine dealing with older individuals and their medical problems |
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| branch of medicine dealing with older individuals and their medical problems |
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| study of process of aging and the various problems of older individuals |
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| study of the female reproductive system ad its diseases |
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| study of blood and blood diseases |
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| study of the structure and function of tissues (microscopic anatomy) |
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| study of the body's resistance to disease |
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| study of newborns and the treatment of their disorders |
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| study of the structure, function, and diseases of the kidneys |
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| study of the nervous system in health and disease |
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| branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth |
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| study of the eye and eye diseases |
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| branch of medicine dealing with the muscular and skeletal systems and their problems |
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Definition
| study of the ear, throat, larynx, and their diseases |
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Definition
| study of structural and functional changes within the body associated with disease |
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| branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases |
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| study of drugs and their uses in the treatment of diseases |
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| study of the care and treatment of the feet |
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| branch of medicine dealing with the mind and its disorders |
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Definition
| study of X rays and radioactive substances, as well as their uses in diagnosing and treating diseases |
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Definition
| study of poisonous substances and their effects on physiology |
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Definition
| branch of medicine dealing with the urinary and male reproductive systems and their diseases |
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Definition
| a part is above another part, or closer to the head |
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Definition
| a part is below another part, or toward the feet |
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| imaginary midline dividing the body into equal right and left halves... a part is medial if it is closer to this line than another part. |
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Definition
| toward the side with respect to the imaginary midline |
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Definition
| two paired structures, one on each side |
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| structures on the same side |
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| structures on the opposite side |
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Definition
| a part closer to the trunk of the body or closer to another specified point of reference |
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| a body part is farther from the trunk or farther from another specified point of reference |
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| study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts |
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Definition
| study of how the body and its parts work or function |
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Definition
| 1.macroscopic 2. microscopic 3.developmental 3. regional |
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Term
| list levels of structural organization, smallest to largest |
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Definition
| chemical-cellular-tissue-organ-organ system-organismal |
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Definition
| protons, neutrons and electrons |
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Definition
| the smallest particle of an element that retains its characteristrics, composed of protons neutrons electrons |
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Term
| How many organ systems are there? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds... life O2&H2O, major biological: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids |
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Definition
| a unit of living matter enclosed from the surrounding environment by cell membrane composed of billions of molecules |
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Term
| name the four major tissue types |
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Definition
| 1. epithelial 2. connective 3. muscle 4. neural |
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Definition
| structure composed of 2 or more tissue types that work together to form a specific function |
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| 5 things human life requires |
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Definition
| 1.Water 2.Food 3.O2 4.Heat 5.Pressure (as in circulation |
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| most abundant substance in body |
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Definition
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| 9 characteristics of life |
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Definition
| 1-responsiveness 2-growth 3-maintaining boundries (internal environment distinct from external) 4-movement 5-metabolism 6-digestion 7-respiration (gas exchange)8-excretion 9-reproduction |
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Definition
| body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment even though outside world constantly changing... a dynamic state of equilibrium |
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| 3 interdependent components of control mechanisms |
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Definition
| receptor, control center, effector |
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Definition
| monitors the environments and responds to changes- neural or hormonal |
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Definition
| determines the set point at which variable is maintained |
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Definition
| provides the means to respond to stimuli |
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Definition
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Definition
| increase original stimulus (2- blood clotting & childbirth) |
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Definition
| part of body cavity membrane that lines internal body walls |
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Definition
| part of body cavity membrane that covers the internal organs |
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Definition
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Definition
| body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from the body |
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Term
| 10% of anatomical structures contain variability... what could be different? |
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Definition
| nerves or blood vessels may be out of place, small muscles may be missing, organs not always symmetrical organized (1 overy more medial) |
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Definition
| divides the body into right and left parts |
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Definition
| divides body into anterior and posterior parts |
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Definition
| divides body into superior and inferior parts |
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Definition
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Term
| name the 11 organ systems |
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Definition
| integument, skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive (male & female) |
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Term
| integument system major parts |
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Definition
| skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair, nails |
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Term
| integument system major functions |
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Definition
| external body covering, protects deep tissues from injury, synthesizes vitamin D |
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Term
| integument system interaction |
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Definition
| houses cutaneous nerve receptors |
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Term
| skeletal system major components |
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Definition
| bone, cartilage, ligaments |
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Term
| skeletal system major function |
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Definition
| protects and supports body organs, provides framework for muscles, stores minerals |
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Term
| skeletal system interaction |
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Definition
| sites of blood cell formation |
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Term
| muscular system major components |
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Definition
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Term
| muscular system major functions |
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Definition
| manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression, maintains posture, produces heat |
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Term
| nervous system major components |
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Definition
| brain, spinal column, nerves |
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Term
| nervous system major function |
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Definition
| fast-acting control system, responds to stimuli by activating muscles and glands |
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Term
| cardiovascular system major components |
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Definition
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Term
| cardiovascular system major functions |
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Definition
| pumps blood, transports blood throughout body, delivers o2 and nutrients, removes co2 and waste |
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Term
| endocrine system major components |
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Definition
| pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis, ovary |
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Term
| endocrine system major functions |
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Definition
| responsible for maintaining homeostasis, secretes hormones regulating growth, reproduction, and metabolism |
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Term
| lymphatic system major components |
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Definition
| red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels |
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Term
| lymphatic system major functions |
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Definition
| picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood, disposes of debris in lymphatic stream, houses white blood cells involved with immunity |
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Term
| respiratory system major organs |
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Definition
| nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs |
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Term
| respiratory system major functions |
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Definition
| supply blood with o2 and removes co2 |
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Term
| digestive system major organs |
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Definition
| oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, liver |
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Term
| digestive system major functions |
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Definition
| breaks down food into absorbable units that enter blood, eliminates indigestible foodstuffs as feces |
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Term
| urinary system major organs |
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Definition
| kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
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Term
| urinary system major functions |
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Definition
| eliminates nitrogenous wastes from body, regulates water, electrolyte, and pH balance of the blood |
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Term
| male reproductive system major components |
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Definition
| prostate, penis, testes, scrotum, and ductus deferens |
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Term
| male reproductive system major functions |
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Definition
| production of offspring, testes produce sperm and male sex hormones, ducts and glands deliver sperm to female reproductive tract |
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Term
| female reproductive system major organs |
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Definition
| mammary glands, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina |
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Term
| female reproductive system major functions |
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Definition
| production of offspring, produce eggs and female sex hormones, site for fertilization and development of fetus, produce milk to nourish newborn |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| anything that has mass and takes up space |
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Definition
| definite shape and volume |
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Definition
| definite volume, changeable shape |
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Definition
| changeable volume and shape |
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Definition
| substance w/unique properties that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
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Definition
| mass- 1 unit per proton, positive charge |
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Definition
| have mass- 1 unit per neutron, no charge |
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Definition
| no mass, negative charge, found in orbitals |
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Definition
| particle that is electrically charged due to gain or lost electrons |
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Definition
| shorthand way of writing what atoms are in a molecule |
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Term
| how are atoms identified? |
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Definition
| number of protons they have |
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Term
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Definition
| same number of protons, different number of neutrons |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| major elements of human body |
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Definition
| O, C, H, N (oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen) |
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Definition
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Definition
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| how many known shells of electrons? |
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Definition
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Definition
| outermost electron shell- determines behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| have complete valance shells and are stable |
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete valence shells- not stable |
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Term
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Definition
| at least one electron is transferred from one atom to another (donated, received) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more atoms share electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| charges atoms resulting from the gain or loss of electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| gained one or more electrons, negative charge |
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Term
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Definition
| gained one or more electrons, negative charge |
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Term
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Definition
| lost one or more electron, have positive charge |
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Term
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Definition
| electrically neutral b/c atoms share electron equally |
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Term
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Definition
| electrically charged b/c electron not shared equally (heavier weight= more gravity) |
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Term
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Definition
| when hydrogen is attracted to negative portion of polar molecule- water surface |
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Term
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Definition
| A+B=AB, energy absorbed for bond formation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| AB+C=AC+B, involves both synthesis and decomp reactions |
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Term
| factors influencing rate of chemical reactions |
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Definition
| temperature, particle size, concentration, catalysts |
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Term
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Definition
| study of chemical composition and reactions in living matter |
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Term
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Definition
| contain carbon, covalently boned, are often large |
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Term
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Definition
| all other chemicals in body, water, salts, many acids and bases, generally lack carbon |
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Term
| special characteristics of water |
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Definition
| high heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, polarity/solvent properties, chemical reactivity, cushions the body |
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Term
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Definition
| release H+ and are therefore proton donors in water |
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Term
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Definition
| release OH- and are proton acceptors |
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Term
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Definition
| negative logarithmic scale |
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Term
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Definition
| compounds that can absorb both H+ and OH- ions and minimize change in pH |
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Term
| carbonic acid-bicarbonate system |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ionic compounds other than H+ and OH-, vital to body functions |
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Term
| name the 4 organic compounds |
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Definition
| carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
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Term
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Definition
| contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 1:2:1, includes sugars and starches, classified according to size |
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Term
| monosaccharides- monomers |
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Definition
| represented as rings, building blocks of carbohydrates, glucose, ribose, deoxyribose |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by joining 2 monosaccharides and the loss of a water molecule, sucrose, lactose |
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Term
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Definition
| many sugars, long chain, starch, glycogen, breakdown=many H2O molecules released |
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Term
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Definition
| polysaccharide energy storage molecule formed by plants |
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Term
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Definition
| polysaccharide energy storage molecule formed by animals (liver) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1-provide a easily used source of energy stored in the bonds between the atoms, stored as glycogen or fat 2- part of cellular membranes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, insoluble in water due to lack of polarity... neutral fats or triglycerides phospholipids, steriods |
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Term
| building blocks of lipids |
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Definition
| fatty acid chains with a COOH at end attached to glycerol blackbones |
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Term
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Definition
| triglycerides, phospholipids, steriods |
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Term
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Definition
| basic structural material of the body, made from amino acids |
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Term
| How many levels of protein structure? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| structural proteins- fibrous and strand like provide strength for the building of body, functional proteins- globular and move around the body assist in biological processes |
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Term
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Definition
| temp, ph, changes the shape and renders the protein non-functional (but not the amino acid) |
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Term
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Definition
| globular proteins that act as catalysts |
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Term
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Definition
| blueprints for life- DNA RNA composed of phosphate group, sugar and base |
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Term
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Definition
| Adenosine Triphosphate stores energy in a form usable to cell |
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Term
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Definition
| (passive transport) movement of molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| total concentration of solute particles in a solution |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| solution w/ greater solute concentration than that of the cytosol |
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Term
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Definition
| solutions having lesser solute concentration than that of the cytosol |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of molecule from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure |
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Term
| active transport processes |
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Definition
| use bond energy (ATP)to transport substances unable to pass by diffusion or filtration |
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Term
| 2 forms of active transport |
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Definition
| solute pumping and vesicular transport |
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Term
| vesicular transport- Exocytosis |
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Definition
| moves material out of the cell in membranous vesicle |
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Term
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Definition
| stuff engulfed by being enclosed into a membranous vesicle |
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Term
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Definition
| like phagocytosis with liquids |
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Term
| receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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Definition
| phagocytosis of specific things as indicated by receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| G1-growth stage, S-DNA replicated and growth G2-centriole replication and final prep for division |
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Term
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Definition
| cell replicates itself through division |
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Term
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Definition
| centromeres migrate to poles |
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Term
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Definition
| spindle from centromeres attach to chromosomes that are aligned in center of cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| daughter chromosomes pulled toward poles, cell elongates |
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Term
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Definition
| daughter nuclei begin forming, cleavage furrow begins to form |
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