Term
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Definition
| provide information essential to the regulation of autonomic activities by monitoring changes in pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
provide information essential to the regulation of autonomic activities by monitoring chemical changes
respond to only water-soluble and lipid-soluble substances that are dissolved in the surrounding fluid. Located in the carotid bodies, near the origin of the internal carotid arteries on each side of the neck, and in the aortic bodies, between the major branches of the aortic arch. |
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Term
| 3 Different types of cells related to immunity & what are their primary functions related to immunity? |
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Definition
T Cells-lymphocytes responsible for cellular immunity and for the coordination and regulation of the immune response. Includes regulatory T cells cytotoxic T cells. (513)
B Cells-lymphocytes capable of differentiating into the plasma cells that produce antibodies. (513)
NK Cells-lymphocytes that attack foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses, and cancer cells that appear in normal tissues. |
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Term
| What is an autoimmune disorder? |
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Definition
| Autoimmune Disorders develop when the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues. (534) |
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Term
| Different types of immunity (522) |
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Definition
Active Immunity-appears after exposure to an antigen as a consequence of the immune response.
Passive Immunity -produced by the transfer of antibodies to an individual from some other source |
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Term
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Definition
| Low tissue oxygen concentrations |
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Term
6.) Obstructive lung disease: (566) Which respiratory disorders fall in this category?
Most common obstructive lung diseases are:
Asthma
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Collectively referred to as COPD |
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Definition
Most common obstructive lung diseases are:
Asthma
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Collectively referred to as COPD |
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Term
| Blockage of pulmonary artery results in what? (484) |
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Definition
| Acute Pulmonary Embolism - when a blood clot or other particle lodges in a pulmonary artery and blocks blood flow through that vessel. |
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Term
| Cycle-air moving in and out during a single respiratory cycle is called what (560) |
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Definition
| Respiratory Cycle is a single breath consisting of an inhalation (inspiration) and an exhalation (expiration). |
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Term
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Definition
Consists of a two-phase process:
1) Release of chemical mediators such as histamine
2) Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle and leakage of fluid from peribronchial capillaries causing bronchoconstriction and bronchial edema.
Usually resolves spontaneously in one to two hours or may be aborted by the use of an inhaled bronchodilator medication. |
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Term
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Definition
A severe, prolonged asthma attack that cannot be broken with repeated doses of bronchodilators.
Patient will have a greatly distended chest, breath sounds, and often wheezing, may be absent. Patient is usually exhausted, severely acidotic, and dehydrated. |
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Term
| Goblet cells are responsible for what? |
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Definition
Produce mucous that baths the exposed surfaces of the nasal cavity and lower respiratory tract.
An increase in number would cause what? A runny nose? |
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Term
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Definition
a 2 part process of moving air into and out of the lungs.
Inhalation- air goes in
Exhalation- air goes out |
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Term
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Definition
gas exchange during pulmonary ventilation.
External Respiration-diffusion of gases between the blood and alveolar air across the respiratory membrane.
Internal Respiration-the diffusion between blood and interstitial fluid across the endothelial cells of capillary walls |
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Term
| What is the term that defines high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Difference between anabolism and catabolism: |
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Definition
Anabolism: the synthesis of complex organic compounds from simpler precursors. (36)
(A+B = AB)
Catabolism: the breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler components, accompanied by the release of energy. (36)
(AB = A=B) |
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Term
| What do pacemaker cells do? |
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Definition
| Cells of the SA node that set the pace of cardiac contraction. (115, 226, 453) |
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Term
| Afferent Nervous System (ANS) |
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Definition
| brings sensory information to the CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| carries motor commands to muscles, glands, and fat cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid |
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Term
| Common cause of cirrhosis (607) |
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Definition
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Term
| Skin being exposed to sun produces what vitamin? (645) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL)-delivers cholesterol to peripheral tissues.
High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL)-transports excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for storage or excretion in the bile |
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Term
| Type I vs. Type II Diabetes and what medication makes the difference: (391) |
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Definition
Type I-characterized by the destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas, which usually leads to absolute insulin deficiency. Patients require regular insulin injections to maintain glucose homeostasis.
Type II- also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), and is associated with a moderate decline in insulin production accompanied by a markedly deficient response to the insulin present in the body. |
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Term
| Where do ADH and oxytocin come from? |
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Definition
a. ADH and Oxytocin come from the posterior pituitary.
b. Anterior Pituitary
c. Posterior Pituitary |
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Term
| What type of reaction is an allergic reaction? |
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Definition
| an exaggerated response by the immune system to a foreign substance |
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