Term
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Definition
| Study of internal and external structures of an organism and the relationship between them |
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Term
| Name the two classes of anatomy |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Study of the functions of an organism |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chemical and molecular processes that take place inside the cells |
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Term
| Define systemic Physiology |
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Definition
| Function of organ systems |
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Term
|
Definition
| Study of the effects of disease on an organ system |
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Term
| What are the six Levels of Organization of Physiology |
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Definition
| Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ Organ systems Organsism |
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Term
| The skin is part of what system? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Blood cell formation is part of what system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Movement and Heat production are part of what system? |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary function of the Nervous system is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Long term changes are regulated by what system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Transport of Nutrients, gasses and waste are handled by what system? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What system is involved in immunity? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What system houses most of our White blood Cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What system delivers gas to exchange surfaces? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What system processes nutrients into the blood? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What system eliminates excess H20? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What system eliminates Nitrogen Waste |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What system produces sex cells? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to maintaining a constant internal environment without regard to the external environment. |
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Term
| 99% of Homeostasis is regulated by what kind of feedback? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of Homeostasis Positive feedback regulation. |
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Definition
| Uterine contractions durring child birth. or Blood clotting to heal cuts. |
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Term
| What is the anatomical position? |
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Definition
| Upright posture with palms facing forward. |
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Term
| What is the appendicular region? |
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Definition
| Limbs and girdles that hold the limbs to the trunk. |
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Term
| The membrand that is directly attached to the lungs is the? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the membrane that lines the pericardium is the? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two major cavities in the Axial portion of the body? |
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Definition
| Anterior or Ventral Cavity and the Abdominal Pelvic Cavity |
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Term
| what is the serous membrand in the Abdominal Pelvic Cavity called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the area behind but not enclosed space behind the peritoneum? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What organs are located in the Retro peritoneum space? |
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Definition
| Kidney, adrenals and pancreas |
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|
Term
| The liver and Gallbladder are located in what quadrant? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The cecum is located in what quadrant? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Anything that takes up space. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A unique substance that cannot be broken down any further by ordinary means. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Building block of elements |
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|
Term
| Chemical reactions are driven by? |
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Definition
| the number or electrons in the Atom's outer shell |
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|
Term
| The first orbit of an electron can have how many electrons? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the second orbit of an electron can have how many electrons? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Cat ions have a ____ charge? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Anions have a _____ charge? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| combination of two or more atoms. |
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Term
| The sum of all the synthesis reactions in the body is called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The sum of all the decomposition reactions in the body is called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The sum of all anabolism and catabolism reactions is called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Something that gives off hydrogen ions |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Something that can accept hydrogen ions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Compounds that do not contain Carbon (accept CO and CO2) |
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|
Term
| Name the functions of water. |
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Definition
| Stabilize body temprature, Protects us as a cushion and as a lubricant, All chemical reactions are in water, solvent |
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|
Term
| Organic Molecules contain ________ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the building blocks of Carbohydrates? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many carbons long are carbohydrates? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three functions of carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
| Structure, energy source (#1), bulk |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the building blocks of lipids? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Saturated fats have how many double bonds? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A monoglyceride contains a glycerol and a _______. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A Di-Glyceride with a phosphate group and something else is known as? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The head of a phospholipid is water _________ |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| phospholipids, steroids, Vitamins (fat dissolving), glycerides |
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|
Term
| Name the four fat dissolving vitamins. |
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Definition
| A-vision, B-bone growth, E-anti-oxidant, K-clotting factor |
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|
Term
| Name five functions of lipids. |
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Definition
| Protection, Insulation, Regulation, Structure, #2 Energy source |
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|
Term
| What sets protien moleculs apart. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the buildig blocks of proteins? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How many types of amino acids are there? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary structure of a protien? |
|
Definition
| The order that the amino acids are in. |
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|
Term
| When a protien twists lika helix or bends, this is the __________ structure. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of protiens? |
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Definition
| Regulation, Transport, Protection, contraction, structure, energy source (last choice) |
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|
Term
| What are the largest molecules in our body? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the buiding blocks of nucleic acids? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| DNA and RNA are what type of molecule? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ATP stores energy in __________ bonds. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What poison stops ATP formation? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the structural and functional units of the human body? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What determines what passes into and out of the cell? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two membrane lipids. |
|
Definition
| Phopholipids and Cholesterol |
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|
Term
| What are the two types of membrane proteins? |
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Definition
| Integral proteins and Peripheral proteins |
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|
Term
| What is the function of the carbohydrate chains on the extracellular side of proteins? |
|
Definition
| Lubrication (cell protection) |
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Term
|
Definition
| All of the carbohydrates of the cell together. |
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|
Term
| What kind of protein helps polar substances through the cell membrane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the membrane protein functions: |
|
Definition
| transport things through the membrane, receptors, joining, cell-cell recognition, attachement to cytodkeleton |
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|
Term
| What are the three types of membrane projections: |
|
Definition
| Microvilli, Cillium, Flagellum |
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|
Term
| Cillium is constructed with? |
|
Definition
| 9 pairs of protein tubes and 2 in the middle (9+2) |
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|
Term
| What is the function of microvilli? |
|
Definition
| increase surface area for faster diffusion |
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|
Term
| What are the two major groups of membrane transport processes? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In general Passive transport does NOT require ____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendancy of molecules to move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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|
Term
| Lipid solute will diffuse through the ____________ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| NON lipid solute will go through the ____________ to get into the cell. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of water through a membrane from an area of greater concentration of water to an area of lower concentration of water. |
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|
Term
| Filtration is run by a ____________ gradient. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What organ works by filtration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do membrane proteins use ATP to move substances across a membrane? |
|
Definition
| To move agains the concentration gradient or to move it faster |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The membrane wraps around something outside the cell and takes it into the cell. |
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|
Term
| When a vesicle wraps around something inside the cell and moves it outside the cell, this is called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Taking two substances from one side of the cell and transporting to the other side is called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Swapping two substances across the cell membrane is called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What material is between the cell membrane and the nucleous? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A tiny specialized structure inside the cell is called a: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of ATP synthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organelle has its own DNA and divides like a bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Durring the anaerobic stage of ATP production 1 molecule of glucose is converted into how many molecules of ATP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Durring aerobic stage of ATP production, how many ATP molecules are produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes a pathway that connects the cell membrane to the nucleus? |
|
Definition
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
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|
Term
| Endoplasmic Reticulum that is rough has what on it? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Rough ER do? |
|
Definition
| Produces proteins for export, synthesizes phopholipids and cholesterol |
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|
Term
| The site of vesicle production in the cell is the? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What part of the cell functions as a storage area and also does detoxification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of intercelular digestion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Membranous vesicle sacs made by the Golgi apparatus that contain acid hydrolysis are called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cylindrical structures made of protein |
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|
Term
| What intracellular organelle helps form the cell's cytoskeleton, cilia and flagella if present? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Cytoskeleton made of? |
|
Definition
| Tubular proteins (microtubes and microfilaments) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A framework for the inside of the cell, utilized to attach thing to. |
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|
Term
| The outer membrane of the nucleus is part of the? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid portion of the nucleus |
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|
Term
| The solid center of the nucleus is called the? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rest of the solid material in the nucleus |
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|
Term
| Supercoiled DNA is called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Information comes out of the cell nucleus as? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the nucleus? |
|
Definition
| Control center of cell, Robosome production, transmit genetic information, instruction for protein systhesis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epithelial Tissue covers? |
|
Definition
| surfaces and lines cavities |
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|
Term
| What are the functions of Connective Tissue? |
|
Definition
| Fills up space, Provides support, Transports Material, Stores energy |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of Muscle Tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of nervous tissue? |
|
Definition
| Carry information through electro-chemical impulses |
|
|
Term
| Name two characteristics of epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
| Cellularity, Polarity, Attachment to other cells, Avascularity, Regeneration |
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|
Term
| Name two functions of epitherlial tissue? |
|
Definition
| Protection, Control permeability, Provide sensation, Produce secretions |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of cell junctions? |
|
Definition
| Tight Junctions, Gap Junctions, Desmones |
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|
Term
| Skeletal muscles have ________ type junctions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cell junction fuses channel proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cell junction uses integrated proteins fused on the walls? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flat cells are refered to as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tall cells are refered to as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two or more layers of cells are called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cuboidal cells are what shape? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells are found in the? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Goblet cells are found in with what types of cells? |
|
Definition
| Simple Columnar and cilliated pseudostratified columnar cells |
|
|
Term
| Skin is what type of cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lining of the alveoli is made of ___________ cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the thinnest tissue in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue lines the chambers inside the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name three locations where there is stratified squamous epithelium? |
|
Definition
| Skin, mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anis, vagina |
|
|
Term
| What is one visual identifyer of simple cuboidal epitherlium besides the Shape? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of simple cuboidal cells? |
|
Definition
| secretion, minor absorbtion |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of simple columnar epithelium? |
|
Definition
| Absorbtion (#1), secretion |
|
|
Term
| What does transitional epithethelium look like when the bladder is empty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the two groups of Glands. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the majority of glands are from what group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which group of glands secrete thier product int a tube? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do endocrine glands usually secrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three modes of secretion? |
|
Definition
| merocrine, apocrine and holocrine |
|
|
Term
| What mode of secretion only secretes the product? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what mode of secretion secretes some of the cell with the product? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what mode of secretion does the cell lyce and secrete the product along with the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| give an example of a gland that uses the apocrine mode? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The matrix consists of fibers and ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the three types of fibers in the matrix. |
|
Definition
| collagen fibers, elastin fibers, and reticular fibers |
|
|
Term
| Microscopically what does collagen fibers resemble? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are collagen fibers elastic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of matrix fibers are very thin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the matrix ground substance made of? |
|
Definition
| Proteoglycans and Hyaluronic Acid |
|
|
Term
| what matrix substance gives the quality of relilience? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where would you find ground substance made from Hyaluronice acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| relative to matrix, The suffix blast means? |
|
Definition
| actively secreting matrix |
|
|
Term
| relative to matrix, the suffix clast means? |
|
Definition
| actively breaking down matrix |
|
|
Term
| relative to matrix, the suffix cyte means? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four major categories of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| Connective tissue proper, cartilege, bone, blood |
|
|
Term
| Give an example of a liquid connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three modes of secretion? |
|
Definition
| Merocrine, Apocrine and Holocrine |
|
|
Term
| What is the mode of secretion where the entire cell lyces to release the product? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oil glands releasing oil in the skin is an example of what mode of secretion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The matrix consists of what two things? |
|
Definition
| fibers and ground substance |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of fiber? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of gland secretes the product through a duct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of gland usually secretes hormones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| fill up space, protect, support, store energy, heat |
|
|
Term
| Which organ is almost all reticular fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteoglycans give what quality to ground substance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The suffix clast refers to what in the matrix? |
|
Definition
| actively breaking down matrix |
|
|
Term
| Adipose Cells contain a drop of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fibers make up nerve sheaths? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supporting cells for nerves |
|
|
Term
| Mucus membranes line cavities that are? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stratified squamous on top of dense irreguular tissue is refered to as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a property of dense irregular tissue? |
|
Definition
| it is able to stretch in different directions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the organic part of bone matrix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the inorganic part of bone matrix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a componant of ground substance besides water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a function of hyaluronic acid in ground substance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Connective tissue is classified by? |
|
Definition
| Type of cells and type and amount of matrix |
|
|
Term
| Name three characteristics of epithelium |
|
Definition
| cellularity, avascular, polarity, regeneration, attachment |
|
|
Term
| Fusion of channel proteins between cells is what type of cell juction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Desmone cell junctions are found in what type of cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of epithelial cells are found in the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of epithelial cells are found in glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cytoskeleten is made from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the fluid portion of the cell nucleus is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What surounds the nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA proteins called histones |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the cell nucleus? |
|
Definition
| Control center, ribosome production, transmit genetic information, instructions for protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Centrioles are composed of? |
|
Definition
| 9 triplets of microtubules |
|
|
Term
| Microvilli and cilia are extensions of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the site of intercellular digestion is are? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organelle has it's own DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The innner membrane of mitocondria is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the site of ATP synthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are ribosomes membranous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ribosomal RNA and protein |
|
|
Term
| What connects the cell membrane to the nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the cell serves as the storage area? |
|
Definition
| Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum |
|
|
Term
| What cell organelle helps with detoxification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the four types of membranes and where they arae found. |
|
Definition
Mucus: lining cavities open to the outside Serous: lining ventral cavities Cutaneous: Skin Synovial Membrane: lines synovial joints Knee, elbow, hip. |
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