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Skeletal System
Career Step Atanomy & Physiology Skeletal System with Graphics
201
Health Care
Professional
04/26/2014

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The 6 levels of structural organization
Definition
Term
Chemical level of structural organization
Definition
Atoms and molecules. Atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, and calcium are essential to the maintenance of life. These atoms combine to form molecules in the body. Examples of molecules are proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins.
Term
Cellular level of structural organization
Definition
Molecules combine to form cells. The cells of the body are the basic structural and functional units of an organism. Examples of cells in the body include muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells.
Term
Tissue Level of Structural Organization
Definition

Tissues are made up of groups of cells and the materials surrounding them. They work together to perform specific functions. There are four types of tissues in your body. The four types of tissue are:

 

epithelial

muscle

connective

nervous

Term
epithelial tissue
Definition
Protective tissue found in the linings of cavities and organs and as part of the integumentary system, or skin. This tissue helps to protect the structures it lines from injury and fluid loss.
Term
muscle tissue
Definition
Responsible for all of the movement of the body. It is subdivided into divisions of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Skeletal muscle is made of long fibers and is the tissue that allows for voluntary body movements. Smooth muscle lines the internal organs and carries out primarily involuntary body movements that assist in organ function. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and is specifically designed to maintain heartbeat and blood flow.
Term
connective tissue
Definition
Tissue that binds the body together and supports posture and function. This tissue is divided into three subtypes depending on function. Supporting connective tissue consists of the bones and cartilage of the body, which give the body support and base structure. Binding connective tissue is defined as the tendons and ligaments—thick strong tissue that binds muscle to bone and bones to each other. Fibrous connective tissue is also a binding material, though instead of connecting other connective tissues, this tissue connects muscles together and binds the skin to the rest of the body. Adipose, or fat cells, are part of this subdivision serving as a cushioning layer to protect the body.
Term
nervous tissue
Definition
Composed of nerve cells. It is used as the communication system of the body by passing electronic messages to and from the brain. This allows for all motor functions, both voluntary and involuntary.
Term
organ level of structural organization
Definition
The different kinds of tissue discussed above combine to form the organ level. The organs are composed of two or more types of these tissues. Each organ has specific functions and recognizable shapes. Some examples of organs are the heart, lungs, brain, liver, and kidneys.
Term
system level of structural organization
Definition
A system is made up of several organs that have a common function. For example, the organs that are a part of the digestive system break down and absorb food. These organs include the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Some organs can be part of more than one system. For example, the pancreas is part of both the digestive system and the endocrine system.
Term
organism level of structural organization
Definition
The largest structural level is the organism level. All the parts which make up the body and function with each other form the total organism (one living individual).
Term
long bones
Definition

Long bones are bones whose length is greater than their width, such as the bones of the extremities (tibia, fibula, femur, radius, ulna, humerus).


[image]

Term

short bones

Definition

Short bones are shaped more like cubes and are generally found in the ankle and wrist (carpus and tarsus).


[image]

Term
flat bones
Definition

Flat bones are found in the cranial vault, sternum (breastbone), shoulder blades, and ribs. Flat bones are made up of a layer of marrow (diploe) sandwiched between two layers of compact bone.


[image]

Term
irregular bones
Definition

Irregular bones are a mix of irregularly shaped bones that do not fall into any of the other bone-type categories. They are found in the face, spinal column, and hips.


[image]

Term
sesamoid bones
Definition

Sesamoid bones are mostly rounded masses embedded in certain tendons and are usually related to the surfaces of joints. Included in this group are the patella (kneecap), metacarpophalangeal joints of the hands, and metatarsophalangeal joints of the toes.


[image]

Term

wormian bones

Definition

Wormian bones are small bones found between suture lines of the skull where the edges of the skull bones are joined together.


Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
  • Skull 28 (8 paired and 6 unpaired cranial and facial bones and 6 ossicles of the ears)
  • Hyoid
  • Vertebrae 26 bones
  • Chest 25 bones
  • Total 80

[image]

Term
Cortical bone
Definition

Cortical (compact) bone represents almost 80% of the skeletal mass of the human body. It is called "compact" because it forms a protective outer layer around every bone in the body.

 

[image]

Term
cancellous bone
Definition

Cancellous (spongy) bone represents only about 20% of the skeletal mass.

 

[image]

Term

appendicular skeleton

Definition

The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones and includes the bones of the upper and lower extremities.

  • Upper extremities 64 bones
  • Lower extremities 62 bones
  • Total 126

[image]

 

Term
bone cells
Definition
Cells the body has programmed to create bones
Term
immature bone
Definition
The first formation of bone
Term
mature bone
Definition
Bone that has ossified and calcified
Term
ossification
Definition
Bone formation
Term
osteoblasts
Definition
Bone-forming cells that secrete a matrix which becomes calcified
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
Large multinucleated cells that reabsorb bone matrix
Term
osteocytes
Definition
Former osteoblasts that are surrounded by bone matrix that is calcified
Term
anterior fontanel
Definition

The space where the frontal angles of the parietal bones meet the two ununited halves of the frontal bone.

 

[image]

Term
fontanels
Definition

At birth, the bones of the head are not completely formed. As a result, there is adequate space between them to allow the baby's head to be molded enough to fit through the birth canal. These 6 spaces are known as fontanels or “soft spots.”

 

[image]

Term
posterior fontanel
Definition

The space where the occipital angles of the parietal bones meet the occipital.

[image]

Term
posterolateral fontanel
Definition

An interval on either side of the head where the frontal angle of the temporal bone and greater wing of the sphenoid meet.

[image]

Term
anterolateral fontanel
Definition

An interval on either side of the head where the frontal angle of the temporal bone and greater wing of the sphenoid meet.

[image]

Term
coronal suture
Definition

Joins the frontal bone to the two parietal bones

 

[image]

Term
frontal bone
Definition

Bone that closes the anterior part of the cranial cavity and forms the skeleton of the forehead.

 

[image]

Term
lambdoid suture
Definition

Joins the two parietal bones to the occipital bone

[image]

Term
occipital bone
Definition

Bone situated at the posterior and inferior part of the cranium; articulating with the two parietal and two temporal bones.

 

[image]

Term
parietal bones
Definition

Bones forming part of the superior and lateral surfaces of the skull, and joining each other in the midline at the sagittal suture.

[image]

Term
sagittal suture
Definition

Joins one parietal bone to the other parietal bone.

[image]

Term
squamous suture
Definition

Joins the parietal bones to the temporal bones.

[image]

Term

temporal bones

 

Definition

Bones forming part of the lateral surfaces and the base of the skull, and containing the organs of hearing.

[image]

 

Term
The cranial bones consist of:
Definition
  • frontal bone
  • parietal bones
  • occipital bone
  • temporal bones
Term
The sutures that join the cranial bones together are:
Definition
  • coronal suture
  • squamous suture
  • lambdoid suture
  • sagittal suture
Term
Parietal Bone
Definition
[image]
Term
Lacrimal Bone
Definition
[image]
Term
temporal bone
Definition
[image]
Term
zygomatic bone
Definition
[image]
Term
nasal bone
Definition
[image]
Term
nasal concha
Definition
[image]
Term
maxilla
Definition
[image]
Term
mandible
Definition
[image]
Term
frontal bone
Definition
[image]
Term
sphenoid bone
Definition
[image]
Term
vomer
Definition
[image]
Term
occipital bone
Definition
[image]
Term
supraorbital foramen
Definition
[image]
Term
condyloid process
Definition
[image]
Term
coronoid process
Definition
[image]
Term
styloid process
Definition
[image]
Term
mastoid process
Definition
[image]
Term
process
Definition
prominence or projection, as of bone
Term
foramen
Definition
opening or hole in a bone
Term
malleus
Definition
[image]
Term
incus
Definition
[image]
Term
stapes
Definition
[image]
Term
hyoid
Definition
[image]
Term
[image]
Definition

1. coronal suture

2. sphenoid bone

3. nasal bone

4. frontal bone

5. temporal bone

6. nasal concha

7. maxilla

8. parietal bone

9. squamous suture

10. lambdoid suture

11. occipital bone

12. mastoid process

13. styloid process

14. condyloid process

15. coronoid process

16. supraorbital foramen

17. lacrimal bone

18. zygomatic bone

19. vomer

20. mandible

Term
vertebral column
Definition

The vertebral column, or spine, consists of 26 total bones, differentiated below. The last lumbar vertebra connects to the sacrum, which connects to the coccyx (or tailbone).

  • cervical vertebrae (7)
  • atlas vertebra (the first cervical vertebra)
  • axis vertebra (the second cervical vertebra)
  • thoracic vertebrae (12)
  • lumbar vertebrae (5)
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
Term
cervical spine
Definition

The cervical spine contains 7 vertebrae located in the neck area. In medical reports this spine is abbreviated C1-C7. The cervical spine curve is concave. With the ability to raise the head and stand with erect posture comes the development of this curve, which is why infants are not born with the cervical spine curve.

 

[image]

Term
thoracic spine
Definition

The thoracic spine contains 12 vertebrae located in the chest area, which connect to the ribs. In medical reports this spine is abbreviated T1-T12. The thoracic spine curve is convex and is already formed at the time of birth.

[image]

Term
articulate
Definition
Loosely connect or join. The 12 vertebrae of the thoracic spine articulate to the 12 ribs to form protection for the thoracic cavity.
Term
lumbar spine
Definition

The lumbar spine contains 5 vertebrae located in the lower back. The lumbar spine curve is concave. Like the thoracic spine, it is already formed at the time of birth.

[image]

Term
sacral spine
Definition

The sacral spine consists of 5 fused sacral vertebrae. It is easily distinguishable as an upside-down triangular shape. The two lateral surfaces (sides) are smooth for articulation (loose connection) with the iliac bones of the pelvis.

[image]

Term
coxxyx (coccygeal spine)
Definition

The coccyx or “tailbone” is a single bone formed by fusion of 4-5 coccygeal vertebrae. When pressure is placed on the coccyx, it moves forward and acts like a shock absorber. Sitting down or falling on it too hard can cause it to become fractured. The adjectival form of coccyx is coccygeal.

[image]

Term
intervertebral discs
Definition
Intervertebral disks (also correctly spelled discs) are composed of fibrous tissue and cartilage located between the vertebrae. Their function is to form strong joints and absorb spinal compression and shock.
Term
sternum and ribs
Definition

12 pairs of ribs

  • true ribs (1–7)
  • false ribs (8–10)
  • floating (false) ribs (11–12)

There are 12 pairs of ribs in the human body. These are long, curved bones that attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae. Anteriorly rib pairs 1–7 connect to the sternum and are called true ribs. Ribs 8–10 connect to cartilage anteriorly and are called false ribs. The remaining two ribs, 11–12, are also connected to the thoracic spine posteriorly, but are free from connection anteriorly. Although ribs 11–12 are technically considered false ribs, they are also called floating ribs.

 

sternum

  • manubrium
  • body
  • xiphoid process
  • [image]
Term
manubrium
Definition

Upper portion (handle) of the sternum.

[image]

Term
body
Definition

Middle section of the sternum.

[image]

Term
xiphoid process
Definition

Distal portion of the sternum.

[image]

Term
sternal angle
Definition

Area of sternum where the manubrium and body join.

[image]

Term
true ribs
Definition

Anteriorly rib pairs 1–7 connect to the sternum and are called true ribs.

[image]

Term
false ribs
Definition

Ribs 8–10 connect to cartilage anteriorly and are called false ribs.

[image]

Term
floating ribs
Definition

Ribs 11–12, are also connected to the thoracic spine posteriorly, but are free from connection anteriorly. Although ribs 11–12 are technically considered false ribs, they are also called floating ribs.

[image]

Term
appendicular skeleton
Definition

The appendicular skeleton gets its name from the fact that it consists of all the parts that append (hang on) to the axial skeleton.  In fact, the arms and legs are known as the appendages.

 

[image]

Term
clavicle
Definition

collarbone

(1 per side for a total of 2)

[image]

[image]

Term
scapula
Definition

shoulder blade

(1 per side for a total of 2)

[image]

[image]

[image]

Term
humerus
Definition

upper arm

(1 per side for a total of 2)

[image]

[image]

Term
radius
Definition

forearm

(1 per side for a total of 2)

[image]

[image]

Term
ulna
Definition

forearm located on the pinky side.

(1 per side for a total of 2)

[image]

[image]

Term
carpals
Definition

wrist bones

(8 per side for a total of 16)

 

[image]

Carpals are generally made up of 2 rows of 4 bones each and are held in place by ligaments. The 8 carpal bones are the hamate, scaphoid, trapezium, pisiform, trapezoid, lunate, triquetrum, and capitate bones.

[image]

Term
metacarpals
Definition

hand

(5 per side for a total of 10)

[image]

They consist of 5 bones that form the structure of the hand and articulate with the carpals. These metacarpals are numbered from 1–5, with the thumb being first and the little finger fifth.

[image]

 

Term
phalanges
Definition

fingers

(14 per side for a total of 28)

[image]

There are 5 fingers, and each has 3 phalanges (the distal, medial, and proximal phalanges), with the exception of the thumb, which has only 2.

[image]

Term
os coxae
Definition

hip/pelvic bone

(1 per side for a total of 2)

[image]

[image]

Term
femur
Definition

thigh

(1 per side for a total of 2)

[image]

Term
patella
Definition

kneecap

(1 per side for a total of 2)

[image]

Term
tibia
Definition

largest of the two lower leg bones

(1 per side for a total of 2)

[image]

[image]

Term
fibula
Definition

long, skinny lower leg bone

(1 per side for a total of 2)

[image]

[image]

Term
tarsals
Definition

ankle bones that support weight and act as shock absorbers

(7 per side for a total of 14)

[image]

There are 7 tarsal bones in each foot: the talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cuneiforms. The talus articulates with the tibia to bear weight from the legs. The medial malleolus (on the tibia) and the lateral malleolus (on the fibula) protect the talus on both sides.

[image]

Term
metatarsal
Definition

bones of the feet that sit upon arches

(5 per side for a total of 10)

[image]

 

[image]

Term
phalanges
Definition

toe bones

(14 per side for a total of 28)

[image]

The separations between the phalanges are identified as follows: the distal phalanx (tip of the toe), the middle phalanx, (in the middle) and the proximal phalanx (nearest the point of connection to the metatarsals). Notice that the medical term for toes is the same as for fingers.

[image]

Term
sternal end
Definition
The end of the clavicle that is attached to the sternum.
Term
acromial end
Definition

The end of the clavicle that is attached to the acromion.

[image]

Term
acromion process
Definition

Process that helps form point of the shoulder.

[image]

Term
coracoid process
Definition

Process that helps form point of the shoulder.

[image]

Term
glenoid cavity
Definition

Cavity where the humerus rests.

[image]

Term
olecranon
Definition

The large process at the proximal end of the ulna which projects behind the articulation with the humerus and forms the bony prominence of the elbow.

[image]

Term
trochlear notch
Definition
Pulley-shaped structure of the elbow.
Term
iliac crest
Definition
[image]
Term
ilium
Definition

wings of the hip bone

[image]

Term
pelvic brim
Definition
[image]
Term
ischial spine
Definition
[image]
Term
ischium
Definition

lower part of the "eye mask" of the hip bone

[image]

Term
pubic arch
Definition
[image]
Term
symphysis pubis
Definition

the portion of the hip bone between the "eyes"

[image]

Term
pubic crest
Definition
[image]
Term
obturator foramen
Definition
[image]
Term
acetabulum
Definition

a groove in the hip bone

[image]

Term
sacroiliac joint
Definition
[image]
Term
sacral promontory
Definition
[image]
Term
greater trochanter
Definition
bony prominence where muscles attach to the femur
Term
lesser trochanter
Definition
bony prominence where muscles attach to the femur
Term
medial epicondyle
Definition
a protrusion to which ligaments and tendons attach on the inferior end of the rounded shaft of the femur
Term
transverse arch
Definition
Formed at the base of the metatarsals, extending from the medial to the lateral sides of the foot
Term
medial longitudinal arch
Definition
Predominant arch, running from the base of the calcaneus to the talus, and down to the three medial metatarsals
Term
lateral longitudinal arch
Definition
Arches just enough to redistribute body weight to the calcaneus and head of the fifth metatarsal
Term
calcaneus
Definition
Heel bone; the strongest bone in the foot
Term
[image]
Definition

1. Femur

2. patella

3. tibia

4. fibula

5. tarsals

6. metatarsals

7. phalanges

8. clavicle

9. scapula

10. humerous

11. radius

12. ulna

13. carpals

14. metacarpals

15. phalanges

Term
fibrous joints
Definition

There are two types of fibrous joints:

suture

syndesmosis

 

A fibrous joint has no joint cavity and, in general, does not move. Examples of fibrous joints include cranial sutures and tibiofibular joints.

 

[image]

Term
cartilaginous joints
Definition

There are two types of cartilaginous joints:

synchondrosis

symphysis

 

Although a cartilaginous joint has no cavity, it is still somewhat moveable. Examples of cartilaginous joints are the growth zones in the arms and legs, and the disks between the vertebrae.

[image]

Term
synovial joints
Definition

There are four types of synovial joints:

plane

uniaxial

biaxial

multiaxial

 

A synovial joint has a joint cavity that is kept lubricated by synovial fluid. The looser the joint, the more unstable and susceptible it is to injury or other damage. The body compensates for the weakness in synovial joints with ligaments, tendons, and muscle overlays. In this way, joints can be strengthened and supported to a much higher degree, yet still be capable of functioning freely.

 

 

Term
plane joints
Definition

Plane joints are joints that glide where the flat ends of bones connect. Examples of plane joints are the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

[image]

Term
uniaxial joints
Definition

Uniaxial joints allow movement around one axis only. Examples of uniaxial joints are the elbow joint and the interphalangeal joint.

[image]

Term
biaxial joints
Definition

Biaxial joints allow movement around two axes. Examples of biaxial joints are the knee joint, the temporomandibular (jaw) joint, and the radiocarpal (wrist) joint.

[image]

Term
multiaxial joints
Definition

Multiaxial joints allow movement around three axes. Examples of multiaxial joints are the ball and socket joint found in the hip and shoulder, as well as the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb between the trapezium (base of thumb) and the first metacarpal. Ball-and-socket joints are the most freely moveable joints in the body.

[image]

Term
flexion
Definition
Bending to decrease the angle between two bones. Think of this as “flexing” the biceps.
Term
extension
Definition
Unbending to increase the angle between two bones. Think of this as extending, as in reaching your arm as far as you can (virtually eliminating the angle between the humerus and the radius/ulna).
Term
abduction
Definition
Moving a body part away from the midline.
Term
adduction
Definition
Moving a body part toward the midline. (Think of this as adding a body part back to the body.)
Term
circumduction
Definition
Movement of a body part in a circle, which can include all the above joint movements as well.
Term
rotation
Definition
Movement of a body part or parts around its axis (movement from side to side with the lower body stationary).
Term
supine
Definition
The position of the body when lying face up, including hands being palm up and feet bent upwards.
Term
prone
Definition
The position of the body when lying face down, including the hands being palm down and the feet bent downwards.
Term
dorsiflexion
Definition
Movement of the foot that brings the top of the foot closer to the leg.
Term
plantar flexion
Definition
Movement of the foot that brings the heel closer to the posterior part of the leg, the toe pointed farther away from the leg. This is the opposite of dorsiflexion.
Term
articulations
Definition

In most joints, the contacting surfaces of the bones are protected with layers of cartilage. Cartilage is a specialized fibrous connective tissue needed for both the development and growth of bones. Some of the terms in this list are made up of one or more types of cartilage. Some of the terms listed below describe junctions of bone with cartilage, as well as the junctions of one piece or type of cartilage with another.

The following is a list of common articulations. These are terms you may frequently read in reports, and each is followed by the word “joint” or “junction.” This is by no means a complete list.



  • acromioclavicular
  • atlantoaxial
  • calcaneocuboid
  • carpometacarpal
  • costochondral
  • costovertebral
  • cricoarytenoid
  • cricothyroid
  • cubitoradial
  • cuneocuboid
  • cuneonavicular
  • glenohumeral
  • humeroradial
  • humeroulnar
  • iliofemoral
  • iliosacral
  • incudomalleolar
  • incudostapedial
  • intercarpal
  • interphalangeal
  • manubriosternal
  • metacarpophalangeal
  • patellofemoral
  • radiocarpal
  • radioulnar
  • sacroiliac
  • sternoclavicular
  • talonavicular
  • tarsometatarsal
  • temporomandibular
  • tibiofibular
Term
ligament
Definition

a band of white, fibrous, slightly elastic tissue that binds the ends of bones together. This binding prevents dislocations and stress that can cause fractures.

 

Most ligaments derive their names from the area where they are located, their shape, or the bones and/or structures near that area. For example, there is a carpal ligament in the wrist and a series of cervical ligaments in the neck

Term
collateral ligament
Definition
ligament made up of many fibrous bands
Term
accessory ligament
Definition
Any ligament that strengthens or supports another ligament.
Term
arcuate ligament
Definition
Means curved or bow-shaped ligaments; they are located in the spine and assist in maintaining the erect position. (Also called ligamenta flava [plural], and ligamentum flavum [singular].)
Term
collateral ligament
Definition
There are several types of collateral ligaments, including fibular, radial, tibial, ulnar, etc. These are basically ligaments that are not direct, but are supporting ligaments.
Term
coracoid ligament
Definition
Coracoid means like a raven’s beak and is used to describe an area on the scapula. It is so named for its shape.
Term
cruciate ligament
Definition
Cruciate means shaped like a cross. There are different types of cruciate ligaments, including anterior, posterior, and lateral. They appear in many places in human anatomy, such as the knees, fingers, and toes.
Term
falciform ligament
Definition
Falciform means shaped like a sickle and appears near the sacral tuberosity as well as within the liver.
Term
inguinal ligament
Definition
Inguinal is a term used to describe the groin area.
Term
interosseous ligament
Definition
Interosseous means between bones and describes several different ligaments.
Term
longitudinal ligament
Definition
Longitudinal simply means lengthwise. It is used to describe any ligament that runs lengthwise.
Term

nuchal ligament

 

Definition
Nuchal means pertaining to the neck.
Term
triquetral ligament
Definition
Triquetral means three cornered and appears in different places throughout the body. The prefix tri- should be familiar as meaning three.
Term
apophyseal fracture
Definition
A fracture in which a small fragment is torn from the bone.
Term
articular fracture
Definition
A fracture of the joint surface.
Term
avulsion fracture
Definition
An indirect fracture caused by tearing or pulling of a ligament.
Term
blow-out fracture
Definition
A fracture of the orbital floor caused by traumatic force.
Term
boxer fracture
Definition
Fracture of the metacarpal neck, caused by striking something hard with a closed fist.
Term
bucket-handle fracture
Definition
Also called a "bucket-handle tear," it is a tear in the cartilage and it leaves a loop of cartilage lying in the intercondylar notch.
Term
burst fracture
Definition
Also called an "axial compression fracture," it is a fracture of a vertebra, often injuring the spinal cord.
Term
butterfly fracture
Definition
A comminuted fracture resulting in two fragments of bone on either side of a main fragment; the result resembles a butterfly.
Term
buttonhole fracture
Definition
Also called a "perforating fracture," it results when a bone is perforated by a missile.
Term
chisel fracture
Definition
Detachment of a piece from the head of the radius.
Term
cleavage fracture
Definition
Shelling off of cartilage by a small fragment of bone.
Term
closed fracture
Definition
A fracture that does not penetrate or produce an open wound in the skin.
Term
Colles' fracture
Definition
Fracture of the lower end of the radius, where the fragment is displaced.
Term
comminuted fracture
Definition
A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed.
Term

complete fracture

 

Definition
A fracture in which the bone is entirely broken all the way across.
Term
complicated fracture
Definition
When there is damage to soft tissue structures or other organs around the fractured bone.
Term
compound fracture
Definition
Basically just an open fracture.
Term
compression fracture
Definition
A fracture as a result of compression.
Term
condylar fracture
Definition
A fracture of the humerus where a small fragment that includes the condyle is separated from the bone.
Term
dislocation fracture
Definition
A fracture that occurs near a joint and results in displacement of the joint.
Term
greenstick fracture
Definition
Also called "hickory-stick fracture," it is a fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent.
Term
hangman's fracture
Definition
A fracture through the axis (C2).
Term
impacted fracture
Definition
When one fragment of a fracture is driven into another.
Term
indirect fracture
Definition
A fracture that occurs at a point distant from the injury.
Term
insufficiency fracture
Definition
A stress fracture that occurs when there is a normal amount of stress, but the bone is of decreased density.
Term
intra-articular fracture
Definition
A fracture on the articular surface of a bone (also acceptably presented as intraarticular).
Term
intracapsular fracture
Definition
A fracture occurring within the capsule of a joint.
Term
intrauterine fracture
Definition
Fracture of a fetal bone while in utero.
Term
Le Fort fracture
Definition
Fracture of the maxilla. (There are different types of Le Fort fractures; they are dictated "Le Fort 1, 2, or 3" and are transcribed as Le Fort I, Le Fort II, and Le Fort III.)
Term
linear fracture
Definition
A fracture extending along the length of a bone.
Term
longitudinal fracture
Definition
A break extending in a longitudinal direction.
Term
open fracture
Definition
A fracture that results in an external wound (i.e., a portion of the fractured bone protrudes through the skin).
Term
simple fracture
Definition
Opposite of a compound fracture; basically a closed fracture.
Term
spiral fracture
Definition
Also called a "torsion fracture," it is where a bone is literally twisted apart.
Term
spontaneous fracture
Definition
Occurs as a result of some longstanding disease and is not traumatic.
Term
stress fracture
Definition
Caused as a result of repeated stress to a bone (commonly seen in soldiers or athletes).
Term
subcapital fracture
Definition
A fracture of a bone just below its head.
Term
torsion fracture
Definition
Also called a "spiral fracture." See above.
Term
torus fracture
Definition
A fracture with localized expansion of the cortex, but little or no displacement of the lower end of the bone.
Term
transverse fracture
Definition
A fracture that occurs at a right angle to the axis of a bone.
Term
tuft fracture
Definition
A splintered fracture of the distal phalanx.
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