-plasmid

-tetracycline resistance gene and ampicillin resistance gene 

-origin for independent replication 

-restriction sequence site

-infects bacteria 

-used for large inserts of DNA 

-can only be packaged if specific size and has intact ends (size selection)

-Bacterial artifical chromosome

-similar to plasmid but much larger DNA can be inserted 

-BAC vector inserted into bacteria with electroporation 

-par genes allow for only one replication 

-chloramphenicol resistance gene 

-lacZ gene - split up by DNA insert 

-selection for white colonies (chloramphenicol resistant and disrupted lacZ)

-heat stable taq polymerase 

-exponential increase in gene of interest 

-can separate DNA to single base pairs 

-PAGE gel 

- can find genetic mutations 

-DNA cut with restriction enzyme, run on gel, transfered to nylon, hybridize with probe for gene of interest 

-utilize mRNA from two different developmental stages 

-convert mRNA to cDNA using reverse transcriptase (use fluorescent dNTPs)

-hybridize to microarray with genes of interest (complementary sequences will stick and unhybridized gets washed off)

-uses dideoxy (ddNTPs) to terminate synthesis