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Analytical Reasoning
1.1-1.4__4.1&4.2
26
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Undergraduate 1
09/11/2008

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Term
Logic
Definition
the study of the formal structures of sound thinking
Term
Argument
Definition
a group of statements one or more of which (the premises) are claimed to provide support for,or reasons to believe, one of the others (the conclusion)
Term
Premises
Definition
the statements that set forth the reasons or evidence
Term
Ferctual claim
Definition
premises
Term
inferentual claim
Definition

conclusion

Term
conclusion
Definition
the statement that evidence is claimed to support for imply
Term

statement

Definition
a sentence that is either true or false of declarative evidence
Term

statement are either_____ or _____

Definition
true; false
Term

arguments are either ________ or ________

Definition
valid; invalid
Term
Dedutive arguements
Definition

-sound argument

-true premises

-valid

Term
inductive agruements
Definition

-cogent arguement

-strong

-true premises

Term
deductive arguments
Definition
an argument in which the arguer claims that it is IMPOSSIBLE for the conclusion to be false given that premises are tre
Term
Inductive argument
Definition
an argument in which the arguer claims that it is IMPROBABLE that the conclusion be false given that the premises are true.
Term
Deductive/Valid arguements
Definition
-an argument is such that if the premises are true( if we assume the premises are true the conclusion are true)
Term
Sound argument
Definition
a deductive argument that is valid and has all true premises
Term
Invalid
Definition

(all are unsound) arguement is possible for the premises to be false

Term

strong arguements

Definition
which it is improbable that the conclusion be false given that the premises are true
Term

cogent

Definition
an inductive argument that is strong and has all true premises
Term
weak arguement
Definition
(all are uncogent) an arguement in which the conclusion does not follow probably from the premises een though it is claimed to be
Term

Deductive Arguement forms

CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISM

Definition
is a syllogism in which each statement begins with one of the words "All","no", or "some"
Term

Catergorical Propositions

Definition
A propistion that relates two classes or categories
Term

All S are p

No S are P

Some S are P

Some S are not P

Definition
Standard form
Term
Quantifiers
Definition
All, no, & some
Term
S & P
Definition
Subject and Predict terms
Term

Copula

Definition
Are and are not
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