Term
|
Definition
The physical component of pain involves the nerve pathways and the brain.
The psychological component or the emotional response to pain is the product of factors such as the individual’s anxiety level, previous pain experience, age, sex, and culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| less than 6 mo in duration. severe discomfort, uncomfy sensation. easier to treat and control- sudden onset, usually subsides with treatment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6 mo or greater. much more diff. to treat, persistant reocurring pain. disease process or injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| originates from the smooth muscle or SNS innervated organ system. refer pain (left arm ache in MI), difficult to localize as it could be dull ache. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arises from the skeletal muscles, usually localized, constant, aching or throbbing, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by peripheral nerve injury and not stiumluation. hardest to control. have to fix problem to fix pain. pins and needles (paresthesia) burning/shooting/tingling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most important. response to these being stimulated is analgesia, resp depression, euphoria, and sedation. component to physical dependence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can produce analgesia and sedation. dont cause breathing issues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the opiod analgesics do not effect these. no meds effect it directly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to do. binds with receptor to produce the maximum response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this produces a partial response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common opiod analgesic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This produces it’s effects by combining with receptor sites in the brain called opioid receptors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Uses (Indications):
Indicated for severe pain
Utilized with cardiac patients due to the vasodilitation properties. This helps decrease the hearts workload and increase the oxygen available |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may be used to depress the cough center |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Orally
IM
IV
SQ
Epidurally
Intrathecally
rectally |
|
|
Term
| Other strong opioid agonist medications: |
|
Definition
Meperidine (Demerol)
Fentanyl (Duragesic)
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Seizures
Pruritus
Skin rash
Facial edema
Breathing difficulties
Respiratory depression
Confusion
Tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vertigo, faintness, light-headedness
Fatigue, sleepiness, N & V, increased sweating, constipation and hypotension. |
|
|
Term
| moderate to strong opiods |
|
Definition
Codeine
Propoxyphene (Darvon, Darvocet)
Hydrocodone (Lortab, Vicodin, Vicoprofen)
Oxycodone (Percodan, Percocet, OxyContin)
Many of these medications above are combined with either ASA, Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen, therefore, be cautious of overdoses.
pt will not need OTC pain meds. increase H2) consumption, these constipate |
|
|
Term
| Opioid Agonist-Antagonist agents |
|
Definition
if a patient is addicted this will to opiod- this will cause immediate withdrawl.
Opioid Agonist-Antagonist agents
Most patient’s are taking an OTC analgesic for everyday problems, make sure you check for OD possibilities, due to combinations, and adverse drug interactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| patient control analgesia. proven this is best for post-op pts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"THE ANTIDOTE", USE FOR OD/Suicide attempts
To reverse the post-operative effects of analgesics
To reverse potentially life-threatening AR’s
NARCAN- most pop
Anytime you are giving an opioid analgesic, you must be familiar with the antidotes and exactly where to obtain and how to use them correctly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
These are used for mild to moderate pain.
Used for acute and/or chronic pain
They do not cause respiratory depression, dependence or abuse and are not regulated under the Controlled Substance Act
Major meds in this classification:
Tramadol (Ultram)-recently moved to a controlled substance status due mainly to abuse. |
|
|
Term
| The most common Side effects of long term med usage and gastric/GI upset are |
|
Definition
Localized gastric pain
Bleeding from rectum (dark colored stool, bright red blood in stool/urine)
Gastric bleeding (may vomit or cough up dark or bright red blood)
Increased clotting time with long term aspirin or high dose aspirin usage. |
|
|
Term
| Opioid use in older adults |
|
Definition
Cognitive impairment, dementia, and confusion may add to the barriers for pain assessment.
Liver and kidney impairment may reduce drug clearance
They may be likely to ask for less pain medicine because they do not want to be a bother.
Nonverbal cues are essential with this population. |
|
|
Term
| spitting up bright red blood |
|
Definition
| medical emergency- acute upper GI bleed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| old upper GI bleed. non emergency |
|
|
