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any measure applied to an individual as opposed to a population
Ex: Genotypic Value, Breeding Value, Phenotypic Value |
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any measure applied to a population
Ex: Mean, Variance |
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a true population measure (not estimated)
Ex: Population Mean, Population Variance, Average Genotypic, Avg. Breeding Value |
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an estimate of a population measure
Ex: sample mean, sample variance |
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| values of individuals across a whole population (or a whole sample) |
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| most common type of distribution exhibited by quantitative genetics; bell-shaped |
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| how two traits vary together in a population |
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| direction of the relationship between two traits |
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| strength of the relationship between two traits |
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| Amount of change in one variable for a given amount of change in another variable |
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| measure of strength of the relationship between the phenotypic value in one trait and the phenotypic value in another trait |
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measure of strength of the relationship between the BV in one trait and the BV in another trait
- most important correlation |
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| Environmental Correlation |
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| measure of strength of the relationship between the environmental values in one trait and the environmental values in another trait |
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The expected change in variable Y per one unit change in variable X
- the regression of y on x |
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The expected change in variable X per one unit change in variable Y
- the regression of x on y |
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| a measure of the strength of the relationship between the performance (phenotypes) and breeding values for a trait in a population |
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| a measure of the strength of the relationship between repeated phenotypic records for a trait in a population |
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1. Uniformity of environmental effects
2. Accurate measurement of phenotypes
3. Adjusting phenotypes for known environmental effects
4. Expressing phenotypes as a deviation from contemporary group means |
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Definition
| Ways to improve heritability and repeatability |
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| a group of animals that have experienced a similar environment with respect to the expression of a trait |
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| the rate of change in the mean breeding value over time due to selection |
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| correlation between true breeding values and predicted breeding values |
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| number of standard deviations between the mean of the selected parents and the mean of the population (or generation) that they were selected from |
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the average age of parents when their offspring are born
- the amount of time required to replace one generation with the next |
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| change in the mean breeding value of a population over time |
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| a test used to help predict an individual's breeding value involving multiple matings of that individual and evaluation of it's offspring |
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information on individual's own phenotypes and genotypes
- collected as they grow
- using a variety of technologies |
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| information on the genotypes or performance of ancestors or collective relatives of an individual |
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| information on the genotype or performance of descendants of an individual |
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a linear combination of phenotypic, genotypic, and weighting factors that is used for genetic prediction of an individual (EBV estimation)
- used when performance data come from genetically similar contemporary groups |
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| Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) |
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Definition
a method of genetic prediction that is particularly appropriate when performance data come from genetically diverse contemporary groups
- simultaneous solution of a large number of equations |
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a mathematical representation of animal performance that includes various genetic and environmental effects and is used for genetic prediction
- tailored to which animals receive genetic predictions |
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| statistical model used to make genetic predictions on more than one trait at a time |
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| Direct Component/Direct Effect |
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Definition
| the effect of an individual's genes on its performance |
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| Maternal Component/Maternal Effect |
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Definition
| the effect of genes in the dam of an individual that influence the performance of the individual through the environment provided by the dam |
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| Large-Scale Genetic Evaluations |
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| the genetic evaluation of large populations, typically entire breeds |
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| a list of genetic predictions, accuracy values, and other useful information about sires in a breed |
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| Expected Progeny Differentials |
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| Estimated Transmiting Ability |
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| range of values within we expect that a true value of interest lies |
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| Standard Error of Prediction |
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| indicates the potential amount of future change in a prediction |
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