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An Introduction to Poetry - 13th Edition
Chapters 1 - 6 Quiz
71
Literature
Undergraduate 2
10/03/2011

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Term
Form
Definition
In a general sense. Form is the means by which a literary work expresses it's content. In poetry, form is usually used to describe the design of the poem.
Term
Fixed form
Definition
A traditional verse form requiring certain predetermined elements of structure. Ex: a stanza pattern, set meter, or predetermined line length
Term
Closed Form
Definition
Poetry written in a patter of meter, rime, lines, or stanzas. Adheres to set structure
Term
Open Form
Definition
Verse that has no set scheme. No regular meter, rime or stanzaic pattern. AKA Free Verse
Term
Blank Verse
Definition
contains five iambic feet per line and is not rimed
Term
Couplet
Definition
a two lined stanza in poetry, usually rimed and with lines of equal length
Term
Closed couplet
Definition
Two rimed lines of iambic pentameter that usually contain an independent and complete though or statement. AKA heroic couplet
Term
Quatrain
Definition
a stanza consisting of four lines, it is the most common stanza form in English language poetry
Term
epic
Definition
a long narrative poem tracing the adventures of a popular hero. Usually written in a consistent form and meter throughout
Term
Epigram
Definition
A very short, comic poem, often turning at the end with some sharp wit or unexpected stinger
Term
Sonnet
Definition
A fixed form of fourteen lines, traditionally written in iambic pentameter and rimed throughout.
Term
Italian sonnet
Definition
AKA Petrarchan Sonnet. Rimes the octave (first and eighth lines) the sestet (the last six lines) may follow any rime pattern as long as it does not end in a couplet. The poem turns, or shifts in mood or tone after the octave.
Term
English Sonnet
Definition
AKA Shakespearean Sonnet. Has the following rime scheme organized into three quatrains and a concluding couplet: abab cdcd efef gg. The poem may turn (shift the mood or tone) between any of the rime clusters.
Term
Parallel
Definition
Placing a pair of words, phrases, clauses, or sentences side by side in agreement or similarity
Term
Antithesis
Definition
opposite of Parallel
Term
Prose Poetry
Definition
Poetic language printed in prose paragraphs, but displaying the careful attention to sound, imagery, and figurative language characteristic of poetry.
Term
Concrete Poetry
Definition
A visual poetry composed exclusively for the page in which a picture or image is made of printed letters and words. Concrete poetry attempts to blur the line between language and visual objects, usually relying on puns and cleverness.
Term
Abstract Diction
Definition
Words that express general ideas or concepts
Term
Allusion
Definition
indirect reference to any person, place or thing… fictitious, historical or actual. Acts as a literary short hand.
Term
Apostrophe
Definition
a way of addressing someone or something invisible or not ordinarily spoken to
Term
Colloquial English
Definition
The casual conversation or informal writing of literate people
Term
Concrete Diction
Definition
what we can immediately perceive with our senses (dog, chemical, actor, etc)
Term
Connotation
Definition
overtones or suggestions of additional meaning that it gains from contexts.
Term
Cosmic Irony
Definition
The contrast between a character's position or aspiration and the treatment he/she receives at the hands of a seemingly hostile fate. (aka irony of fate)
Term
Denotation
Definition
a meaning as defined in the dictionary
Term
Diction
Definition
Vocabulary or word choice. Concrete instead of abstract (ex: diaper years instead of infancy)
Term
Didactic Poetry
Definition
Poem written to state a message or teach a body of knowledge
Term
Dramatic Irony
Definition
irony forms between contrasting levels of knowledge of the character and the audience.
Term
Dramatic Monologue
Definition
Written as a speech made by a character (not the author) at a decisive moment.
Term
Dramatic Poetry
Definition
uses the voice of an imaginary character, without narration by the author
Term
Figures of Speech
Definition
when the writer for the sake of freshness or emphasis departs from the usual denotations of words.
Term
Formal English
Definition
the impersonal language of educate persons, usually only written, possibly spoken on dignified occasions.
Term
General English
Definition
most literate speech and writing, more studied than colloquial but not pretentious.
Term
Haiku
Definition
Japanese verse with 3 unrhymed lines of five, seven and five syllables. Often serious and spiritual in tone relying on imagery
Term
Ironic Point of View
Definition
When the mask says one thing and the writer is in fact saying something else.
Term
Irony
Definition
a manner of speaking that implies a discrepancy.
Term
Irony of fate
Definition
The contrast between a character's position or aspiration and the treatment he/she receives at the hands of a seemingly hostile fate. (aka irony of fate)
Term
Levels of Diction
Definition
A ladder is imagined, on hose rungs words, phrases, and sentences may be ranked in ascending order of formality.
Term
Lyric
Definition
Short Poem expressing thoughts and feelings of a SINGLE SPEAKER
Term
Metaphor
Definition
a statement that one thing is something else.
Term
Metonymy
Definition
the name of a thing is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. (Ex: saying "The White House" instead of "The President"
Term
Mixed Metaphors
Definition
Combining two or more incompatible metaphors, resulting in ridiculousness or nonsense.
Term
Multi-Dimensional Communication
Definition
mutual trust between the self and another, and is essential for communications as it includes inference and empathy of another's feelings as well as support of another's goals.
Term
Narrative Poem
Definition
Telling a story by relating a series of events
Term
Overstatement (hyperbole)
Definition
Exaggeration used to emphasize a point
Term
Paradox
Definition
A statement that first strikes one as self-contradictory but that one reflection reveals some deeper sense. (achieved by a play on words or a pun)
Term
Paraphrase
Definition
put into your own words
Term
Persona
Definition
Fictitious character, not the author. (same as Dramatic Poetry)
Term
Personification
Definition
a figure of speech in which a thing, an animal, or an abstract term is made human. (calling the wind…he for example.
Term
Poetic Diction
Definition
any language deemed suitable for verse, referring to elevated language intended for poetry rather than common writing.
Term
Pun
Definition
a play on words. Similar or identical sound but different denotation.
Term
Sarcasm
Definition
When verbal irony is conspicuously bitter, heavy-handed, and mocking.
Term
Satiric Poem
Definition
Comic Poetry that conveys a message
Term
Simile
Definition
directly compares two different things, usually by employing the words "like", "as", or "than".
Term
Subject
Definition
The Main Topic
Term
Summary
Definition
Brief Condensation or Gist
Term
Synecdoche
Definition
The use of a part of a thing to stand for the whole of it or vice versa. (Ex: lending a hand when actually helping out with your entire presence)
Term
Theme
Definition
Recurring Subject or idea
Term
Tone
Definition
Attitude toward the person addressed
Term
Understatement
Definition
Implying more than is said.
Term
Verbal Irony
Definition
A mode of expression in which the speaker or writer says the opposite of what is really meant.
Term
Verse
Definition
Regular Rhythm ending in Rimes
Term
Vulgate
Definition
Speech not affected by schooling, the lowest level of diction
Term
auditory imagery
Definition
an experience of sound
Term
dialect
Definition
a particular variety of language spoken by an identifiable regional group or social class of persons
Term
image
Definition
suggests things seen. A word or sequence of words that refer to any sensory experience
Term
imagery
Definition
A word or series of words that refer to any sensory experience (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)
Term
implied metaphor
Definition
a metaphor that uses neither a connector nor the verb to be.
Term
portmanteau word
Definition
an artificial word that combines parts of other words to express some combination of their qualities (Brunch= Breakfast and Lunch)
Term
tactile imagery
Definition
a perception of roughness or smoothness
Term
visual imagery
Definition
an experience of sight
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