Term
| Who discovered this response and when? |
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Definition
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Term
-During 60s and 70s, was thought of as a potential technique for estimating ___ ___ (by many different
research labs)
-Further investigation showed that AMLR is ___ reliable than ABR especially during sedation
-CNS suppressant (sedation) drugs ____ the response |
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Definition
| auditory sensitivity; less; influence |
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Term
___ and ___, in 1967, came up terms to reflect polarity and not be confused with auditory late response terms
already in use: Na, Pa, Nb, Pb |
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Definition
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Term
Neural Generators:
-Na thought to be generated by the posterior- medial portion of ___ ___ and sulcus
-Pa thought to be generated by auditory ___ fibers and ___ ___ ___, more specifically the superior temporal gyrus of the auditory cortex
-Nb and Pb thought to be generated partly by the ___ activating system, the ____ gyrus, and the ___ ___ ___ |
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Definition
| Heshl’s gyrus; radiation; primary auditory cortex; reticular; supratemporal; primary auditory cortex |
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Term
Neurodiagnostic:
-Assess ___ auditory nervous system
-Part of test battery for assessing pathologies of ___ pathways
-Part of test battery to assess ___/___ deafness
-Can also be used for ___ ___, auditory processing, ___ ___, traumatic brain injury, and ___
-Not as vulnerable as ABR to auditory ___
-Can be used to assess those with ___ ___ by adjusting tone-burst frequency |
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Definition
| central; thalamocortical; central/cortical; multiple sclerosis; learning disabilities; dementia; asynchrony; hearing loss |
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Term
Neurodiagnostic:
What 3 things do you assess? |
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Definition
| Morphology, amplitude, and latency |
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Term
Neurodiagnostic:
-Evoked by ___ high-intensity click stimuli presented to each ear separately
-Assess at multiple electrode sites: Central (___ or ___), left Hemisphere (___, ___, or ___), and right Hemisphere (___, ___, or ___) |
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Definition
| moderately; Cz or Pz; C3 or C5 or T3; C4 or C6 or T4 |
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Term
Cochlear Implant Candidacy and Function:
-Electrically evoked MLR (EMLR) ___ in morphology and threshold to acoustic MLR (AMLR)
-Absolute latencies ___
-Pa falls at about ___ msec and Pb at about ___ msec
-Used to determine ___ survival
-Can be used to assess ___ patterns and performance in adult CI uses
-May obscure ___ responses |
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Definition
| comparable; shorter; 26; 56; neural; activation; earlier |
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Term
Neuroplasticity:
-EMLR has been used to study ___ after auditory deprivation followed by CI
-Detectability ___
-Amplitude ___
-Latency ___ |
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Definition
| neuroplasticity; increased; increased; decreased |
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Term
| List three clinical applications for AMLR |
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Definition
-Threshold estimation
-Neurodiagnostic
-Cochlear Implant Candidacy and Function |
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Term
4 advantages to using AMLR for obtaining threshold estimation:
-Thalamic and cortical generators of MLR not as dependent on neural ___ as ABR
-Can use stimulus with a longer duration providing more ___ specificity
-Amplitude ___ than ABR
-Amplitudes at or near thresholds are only slightly ___ |
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Definition
| synchrony; frequency; larger; smaller |
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Term
Describe 2 disadvantages to using AMLR to obtain threshold estimation:
-Difficult to obtain in ___ and ___ ___
-More ___ intensive |
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Definition
| infants; young children; time |
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Term
| What tranducers are used? |
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Definition
| Supra-aural earphones and insert earphones (considered superior due to comfort and infection control) |
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Term
| What types of stimuli are used? |
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Definition
| Click and tone-burst. Clicks are less effective than tone-bursts. |
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Term
| Duration: -Click: ___ ms -Tone-burst: Rise/fall __ cycles. Plateau durations of __ ms or longer and enhance __ component |
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Definition
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Term
Rate:
-___ than ABR
-___per second or slower
-___ rate is indicated for children and for patients with cortical pathology
-Can be as slow as __ per second or 1 every other ___ |
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Definition
| Slower; 7.1; Slower; 1; second |
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Term
| What polarity can you use? |
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Definition
| Any of it. All latencies are the same |
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Term
Intensity:
-Neurodiagnostic: ___ intensity; about ___ dB nHL
-Threshold: Intensity decreased until response ___ |
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Definition
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Term
Repetitions:
-Less than ___
-Varies based on ___ of response and noise
-May require as few as ___ to ___ signals at high intensities for quiet patient with normal hearing |
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Definition
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Term
| What amplification do you use? |
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Definition
| 75,000. Less amplification required for larger responses |
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Term
Sensitivity:
-___ microvolts
-___ sensitivity values are equivalent to higher amplification |
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Definition
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Term
Pre-stimulus:
-___ ms
-Estimate of ___ noise
-___ for calculation of amplitudes for waveform components |
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Definition
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Term
Analysis:
-___ ms
-Long enough to encompass ___ and ___ components |
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Definition
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Term
| How many data points are collected? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many sweeps are collected? |
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Definition
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Term
Filters:
-Band Pass: 10-1500 Hz. For recording ABR and MLR with ___ and ___ component
-10-200 Hz. For recording AMLR with ___ and ___ component. Overfiltering (setting high pass filter at 30 Hz and low pass at 100 Hz) may remove ___ energy and create ___ |
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Definition
| Na; Pa; Na; Pa; important; artifact |
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Term
| Is a notch filtered used? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of electrodes are used? |
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Definition
| Disc with paste is recommended |
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Term
Electrode sites:
-Channel 1: Right hemisphere electrode to ___ ___ electrode or noncephalic inverting electrode (nape)
-Channel 2: Left hemisphere electrode to ___ or noncephalic inverting electrode
-Channel 3: Optional for ___. Midline ___ electrode for estimating hearing sensitivity
-Channel 4: Outer ___ of eye. Optional for detection of eye ___ and rejection of eye blink ___
-Ground: ___ |
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Definition
| earlobe inverting; earlobe; neurodiagnostics; noninverting; canthi; blinks; artifact; Fpz |
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Term
Age:
-Likelihood of recording an AMLR consistently increases up to ___ years of age with a progressive ___ in latency and ___ in amplitude for the Pa component
-___ and ___ latency and amplitude values increase with advancing age in elderly adults |
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Definition
| 10; decrease; increase; Pa; Pb |
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Term
| You won't consistently measure a consistent response until age ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Latency values may be slightly ___ in males than females |
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Definition
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Term
-Most consistently recorded in ___ sleep; Most similar to those recorded during ___
-Generally not detected in sleep stage __
-Not detected in sleep stage ___ |
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Definition
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Term
-Highly affected by ___ sedation
-Anesthetic agents typically ___ responses |
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Definition
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