Term
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Definition
o Bactericidal agents
o Used to treat gram-negative microorganisms
o After parenteral administration
o Can accumulate in high doses in renal tubules causing acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
o Nephrotoxic
o Ototoxicity
o Dosages' are adjusted according to serum drug level and creatinine clearance.
o How well the kidneys are excreting , poorly absorbed from the GI tract, Given orally they exert local effects on GI tract. Well absorbed IM, reach peak 30-90 mins for both IM/IV. Half life 2/4hrs w normal renal function. |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for Aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
o Penetrate the cell wall of bacteria and bind to ribosomes.
o Bacteria cannot synthesize proteins necessary for their function and replication. |
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Term
| What are the indication of use for Aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
o Serious systemic infections
o Caused by susceptible aerobic Gram negative (often times less susceptible to antibacterial drugs)
o Hospital-acquired infections gram +/- bacteria
o Tuberculosis
o Streptomycin (part of drug regimen)
o Combination with ampicillin, penicillin's
o Gentamycin
o Suppress intestinal bacteria
o Prior to bowel surgery(give Neomycin/or Kanamycin) |
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Term
| What are the Contraindications for Aminoglycoides? |
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Definition
o Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides
o BBB: Drugs are nephrotoxic and oxotoxic and very serious in pt w/ renal impairment, myasthenia gravis, other neuromuscular disorders. |
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Term
| What is the dosing for Aminoglycosides? |
|
Definition
o Multiple daily dosing
o Peak and trough
o Creatinine clearance
o Nephrotoxic (can be reversed)
o Ototoxicity (cannot be reversed)
o Single daily dosing
o High doses given
o Repeat dose not given until serum levels is low |
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Term
| What is the patient teaching for Aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
o Avoid exposure to sunlight
o If taken orally 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
o Drink 2 to 3 quarts of fluids daily.
o Prevents kidney problems
o No antacids |
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Term
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin |
|
Definition
o Effective against several gram negative organisms, although some strains have become resistant
o Acts synergistically with antipseudomonal penicillins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and with ampicillin or vancomycin against enterococci. |
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Term
Aminoglycosides
Streptomycin |
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Definition
| o May be used in a 4 to 6 drug regimen for treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. |
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Term
Aminoglycosides
Tobramycin |
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Definition
o Similar to gentamicin in antivacterial spectrum, but may be more active against Pseudomonas organisms.
o Often used with other antibiotics for septicemia and infections of burn wounds, other soft tissue, bone, urinary tract, and CNS. |
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Term
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin |
|
Definition
o Effective against several gram negative organisms, although some strains have become resistant
o Acts synergistically with antipseudomonal penicillins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and with ampicillin or vancomycin against enterococci. |
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Term
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
Streptmycin |
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Definition
| o May be used in a 4 to 6 drug regimen for treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. |
|
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Term
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
Tobramycin |
|
Definition
o Similar to gentamicin in antivacterial spectrum, but may be more active against Pseudomonas organisms.
o Often used with other antibiotics for septicemia and infections of burn wounds, other soft tissue, bone, urinary tract, and CNS. |
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Term
|
Definition
o Gram negative & positive
o Most given orally after previous therapy with parenteral therapy. |
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Term
| What is he mechanism of Fluoroquinolones? |
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Definition
| o Interferes with DNA synthesis of bacteria which is needed for bacterial growth and reproduction |
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Term
| What is th indication for use for Fluoroquinolones? |
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Definition
o Aerobic gram negative infections
o Respiratory, GI/GU tract
o Bones, joints and soft tissues |
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Term
| What is th contraindcation for use for Fluoroquinolones? |
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Definition
|
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Term
Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) |
|
Definition
o Effective in respiratory
o Urinary tract
o GI tract
o Skin/Soft tissue infections
o Sexually transmitted diseases caused by chlamydiae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae organism
o Used as one of 4 to 6 drugs in treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis
o Used to treat anthrax infections |
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Term
Fluoroquinolones
Levofloxacin (Levaquin) |
|
Definition
o A broad spectrum agent effective for treatment of;
o Bronchitis
o Cystitis
o Pneumonia
o Sinusitis
o Skin & skin structure infections and pyelonephritis |
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Term
Fluoroquinolones
Moxifoxacin (Avelox) |
|
Definition
o Indicated for community acquired pneumonia
o Sinusitis
o Bronchitis
o Skin/Soft tissue infections |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for Penicillin G? |
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Definition
Bind to bacterial cell wall, resulting in cell death.
Therapeutic Effects: Bactericidal action against susceptible bacteria.
Spectrum: Active against: Most gram-positive organisms, including many streptococci (Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci), staphylococci (non–penicillinase-producing strains) and Bacillus anthracis, Some gram-negative organisms, such as Neisseria meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae (only penicillin susceptible strains), Some anaerobic bacteria and spirochetes including Borellia burgdorferi. |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for Cephalosporins? |
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Definition
Action (3rd Gen)
•Bind to the bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death.
•Therapeutic Effects: Bactericidal action against susceptible bacteria. |
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