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Amino Acids In Depth
Amino Acid review for biochemistry 1, including structure, 3 letter abbreviation, 1 letter abbreviation, charges, pKa, etc.
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Biochemistry
Undergraduate 3
09/27/2026

Additional Biochemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Alanine pKa's
Definition

three: COOH, NH2, and pI

2.4 -COOH

9.7 -NH2

6.0 -pI

Term
Glycine pKa's
Definition

three: COOH, NH2, and pI

2.3 -COOH

9.6 -NH2

6.0 -pI

Term
Isoleucine pKa's
Definition

three: COOH, NH2, and pI

2.4 -COOH

9.7 -NH2

6.0 -pI

Term
Leucine pKa's
Definition

three: COOH, NH2, and pI

2.4 -COOH

9.7 -NH2

6.0 -pI

Term
Methionine pKa's
Definition

three: COOH, NH2, and pI

2.3 -COOH

9.2 -NH2

5.8 -pI

Term
Proline pKa's
Definition

three: COOH, NH2, and pI

2.0 -COOH

10.6 -NH2

6.3 -pI

Term
Valine pKa's
Definition

three: COOH, NH2, and pI

2.3 -COOH

9.6 -NH2

6.0 -pI

Term
Phenylalanine pKa's
Definition

three: COOH, NH2, and pI

1.8 -COOH

9.1 -NH2

5.5 -pI

Term
Tryptophan pKa's
Definition

three: COOH, NH2, and pI

2.4 -COOH

9.4 -NH2

5.9 -pI

Term
Tyrosine pKa's
Definition

four: COOH, NH2, side chain, and pI

2.2 -COOH

9.1 -NH2

10.1 -side chain (phenol)

9.6 -pI

Term
Asparagine pKa's
Definition

three: COOH, NH2, and pI

2.0 -COOH

8.8 -NH2

5.4 -pI

Term
Cysteine pKa's
Definition

four: COOH, NH2, side chain, and pI

1.7 -COOH

10.8 -NH2

8.3 -side chain (CH's + sulfur)

9.6 -pI

Term
Glutamine pKa's
Definition

three: COOH, NH2, and pI

2.2 -COOH

9.1 -NH2

5.7 -pI

Term
Serine pKa's
Definition

three: COOH, NH2, and pI

2.2 -COOH

9.1 -NH2

5.7 -pI

Term
Threonine pKa's
Definition

three: COOH, NH2, and pI

2.6 -COOH

9.1 -NH2

5.9 -pI

 

Term
Aspartic Acid pKa's
Definition

four: COOH, NH2, side chain, and pI

2.1 -COOH

9.8 -NH2

3.9 -side chain (CH's and -COOH)

3.0 -pI

Term
Glutamic Acid pKa's
Definition

four: COOH, NH2, side chain, and pI

2.2 -COOH

9.7 -NH2

4.3 -side chain (CH's and -COOH)

3.2 -pI

Term
Arginine pKa's
Definition

four: COOH, NH2, side chain, and pI

2.2 -COOH

9.0 -NH2

12.5 -side chain (3 N's)

10.8 -pI

Term
Histidine pKa's
Definition

four: COOH, NH2, side chain, and pI

1.8 -COOH

9.2 -NH2

6.0 -side chain (imidazole)

7.6 -pI

Term
Lysine pKa's
Definition

four: COOH, NH2, side chain, and pI

2.2 -COOH

9.0 -NH2

10.8 -side chain (CH's and -NH3)

9.9 -pI

Term

General pI trends

(non-polar, polar neutral, polar acidic, polar basic)

Definition

Non-polar: low, 5.8-6.3               (except tyrosine, 9.6)

Polar neutral: low, 5.4-5.9           (except cysteine, 9.6)

Polar acidic: very low, 3.0-3.2

Polar basic: very high, 7.6-10.8

Term

Alanine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Ala, A

Non-polar, neutral

Hydrophobic

[image]

Term

Glycine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Gly, G

Non-polar, neutral

Hydrophobic

[image]

Term

Isoleucine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Ile, I

Non-polar, neutral

Hydrophobic

[image]

Term

Leucine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Leu, L

Non-polar, neutral

Hydrophobic

[image]

Term

Methionine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Met, M

Non-polar, neutral

Hydrophobic

[image]

Term

Proline

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Pro, P

Non-polar, neutral

Hydrophobic

[image]

Term

Valine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Val, V

Non-polar, neutral

Hydrophobic

[image]

Term

Phenylalanine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Phe, F

Non-polar, neutral

Hydrophobic

[image]

Term

Tryptophan

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Trp, W

Non-polar, neutral

Hydrophobic

[image]

Term

Tyrosine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Tyr, Y

Non-polar, neutral

Hydrophobic ring, hydrophilic -OH group

[image]

Term

Asparagine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Asn, N

Polar, neutral

Hydrophilic

[image]

Term

Cysteine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Cys, C

Polar, neutral

Hydrophilic

[image]

Term

Glutamine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Gln, Q

Polar, neutral

Hydrophilic

[image]

Term

Serine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Ser, S

Polar, neutral

Hydrophilic

[image]

Term

Threonine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Thr, T

Polar, neutral

Hydrophilic

[image]

Term

Aspartic Acid

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Asp, D

Acidic, negative

Hydrophilic

[image]

Term

Glutamic Acid

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Glu, E

Acidic, negative

Hydrophilic

[image]

Term

Arginine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Arg, R

Basic, positive

Hydrophilic

[image]

Term

Histidine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

His, H

Basic, positive

Hydrophilic

[image]

Term

Lysine

-3 and 1 letter abbreviations

-polarity and charge

-hydrophilicity

-structure

Definition

Lys, K

Basic, positive

Hydrophilic

[image]

Term
Charge of Amino Acid groups at low and high pH's
Definition

Low pH: -COOH, -NH3+

Medium pH: -COO-, -NH3+

High pH: -COO-, -NH2

Term
Titration Curve: What is the Eq? What is the pKa?
Definition

Eq or equivalence point is where the moles of acid= moles of base aka the point where all deprotonated molecules become protonated or vice versa

 

The pKa is the pH at half the equivalence point where [A-]=[HA], aka where the amount of protonated and deprotonated molecules are the same.

Term
Titration Curve: What does the positive curve indicate?
Definition
As the volume of titrant increases, the molecule is less and less protonated and pH increases.
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