Term
| Every amino acid contains: |
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Definition
Amino group (NH3+)
Carboxylate group (COO-)
Side chain (R) |
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Term
| The bonding of a carboxylate group and an amino group form what type of bond? |
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Definition
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Term
| The left-over portion of an amino acid after hydrolysis is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ends of an A.A. with the a) uncombined amino group and b) the uncombined carboxylate group, respectively, are called what? |
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Definition
a) N-terminus
b) C-terminus |
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Term
| The VERY Non-Polar Amino Acids |
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Definition
Alanine Valine
Methionine Leucine
Isoleucine
Phenylalanine |
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Term
| The MODERATELY Non-Polar Amino Acids |
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Definition
| Glycine Proline Tryptophan Tyrosine Cysteine |
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Term
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Definition
| Phenylalanine Tyrosine Tryptophan |
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Term
| The POLAR UNCHARGED Amino Acids |
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Definition
| Serine Threonine Glutamine Asparagine Cysteine |
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Term
| The POLAR POSITIVE Amino Acids |
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Definition
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Term
| The POLAR NEGATIVE Amino Acids |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the carbon backbone labeled? How does this help us to label any substituent groups? |
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Definition
The Carbons are labeled alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon, starting at the "head." The any groups are labeled with the same greek letter of the carbon to which they're attached.
(i.e. The amino group on the alpha carbon, is the alpha amino group) |
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Term
| True or False: Electronegativity is the ability of an atom/molecule to release electrons. |
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Definition
| False: Electronegativity is defined as an atom's ability or 'tendency' to HOLD or ATTRACT electrons. |
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Term
| Order S, N, H, C, and O, in terms of electronegativity. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: The More electronegative, the less polar |
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Definition
| False: As electronegativity increases, so does the polarity |
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Term
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Definition
| Compounds that take on a charge when dissolved in solution |
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Term
pKa is:
a) the pH at which an A.A. is either protonated or deprotonated
b) = pH - log [prot./deprot]
c) 2.4 for the alpha amino group
d) all of the above
e) none of the above |
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Definition
e)
pKa is actually:
a) the pH at which an A.A. is 50% either way
b) = pH - log [deprot./prot.]
c) 2.4 for the carboxylate group; 9.6 for the amino group
:) |
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Term
| The Henderson-Hasselbach Equation |
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Definition
pH = pKa + log {[A-]/[HA]}
[A-] is deprotonated
[HA] is protonated |
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Term
| If the pH is 1 (or more) unit below an A.A.'s pKa, then... |
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Definition
The Amino acid will be fully protonated.
- think that the more acidic the solution is, the higher the presence of H+
...can therefore protonate the A.A. |
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Term
| If the pKa of an A.A. equals the pH of the solution, then... |
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Definition
| The A.A. is 50% deprotonated, and 50% protonated |
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Term
| If the pH of solution in which an A.A. is present is 1 unit or less below that A.A.'s pKa then the A.A. is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Define Partial Ionization |
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Definition
When the pH is less than one whole unit above or below it's pKa, it's not fully protonated OR deprotonated
(calculation needed for "state of protonation") |
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Term
| Ions of O or S are ___(positive/negative/neutral)when protonated, and ___(positive/negative/neutral) when deprotonated |
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Definition
| O and S are neutral when protonated, and negative when deprotonated |
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Term
| Ions of N are ___(positive/negative/neutral)when protonated, and ___(positive/negative/neutral) when deprotonated |
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Definition
| N is positive when protonated, and neutral when deprotonated |
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