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Amino Acids
Intro to structures
23
Biochemistry
Undergraduate 2
11/30/2013

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Term
Every amino acid contains:
Definition
Amino group (NH3+)
Carboxylate group (COO-)
Side chain (R)
Term
The bonding of a carboxylate group and an amino group form what type of bond?
Definition
Amide bond
Term
The left-over portion of an amino acid after hydrolysis is called what?
Definition
The residue
Term
The ends of an A.A. with the a) uncombined amino group and b) the uncombined carboxylate group, respectively, are called what?
Definition
a) N-terminus
b) C-terminus
Term
The VERY Non-Polar Amino Acids
Definition
Alanine Valine
Methionine Leucine
Isoleucine
Phenylalanine
Term
The MODERATELY Non-Polar Amino Acids
Definition
Glycine Proline Tryptophan Tyrosine Cysteine
Term
The AROMATIC Amino Acids
Definition
Phenylalanine Tyrosine Tryptophan
Term
The POLAR UNCHARGED Amino Acids
Definition
Serine Threonine Glutamine Asparagine Cysteine
Term
The POLAR POSITIVE Amino Acids
Definition
Histidine
Arginine
Lysine
Term
The POLAR NEGATIVE Amino Acids
Definition
Aspartate
Glutamate
Term
How is the carbon backbone labeled? How does this help us to label any substituent groups?
Definition
The Carbons are labeled alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon, starting at the "head." The any groups are labeled with the same greek letter of the carbon to which they're attached.
(i.e. The amino group on the alpha carbon, is the alpha amino group)
Term
True or False: Electronegativity is the ability of an atom/molecule to release electrons.
Definition
False: Electronegativity is defined as an atom's ability or 'tendency' to HOLD or ATTRACT electrons.
Term
Order S, N, H, C, and O, in terms of electronegativity.
Definition
[More] O>N>S>C=H [Less]
Term
True or False: The More electronegative, the less polar
Definition
False: As electronegativity increases, so does the polarity
Term
Define electrolyte
Definition
Compounds that take on a charge when dissolved in solution
Term
pKa is:
a) the pH at which an A.A. is either protonated or deprotonated
b) = pH - log [prot./deprot]
c) 2.4 for the alpha amino group
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Definition
e)
pKa is actually:
a) the pH at which an A.A. is 50% either way
b) = pH - log [deprot./prot.]
c) 2.4 for the carboxylate group; 9.6 for the amino group
:)
Term
The Henderson-Hasselbach Equation
Definition
pH = pKa + log {[A-]/[HA]}

[A-] is deprotonated
[HA] is protonated
Term
If the pH is 1 (or more) unit below an A.A.'s pKa, then...
Definition
The Amino acid will be fully protonated.
- think that the more acidic the solution is, the higher the presence of H+
...can therefore protonate the A.A.
Term
If the pKa of an A.A. equals the pH of the solution, then...
Definition
The A.A. is 50% deprotonated, and 50% protonated
Term
If the pH of solution in which an A.A. is present is 1 unit or less below that A.A.'s pKa then the A.A. is...
Definition
Fully deprotonated
Term
Define Partial Ionization
Definition
When the pH is less than one whole unit above or below it's pKa, it's not fully protonated OR deprotonated
(calculation needed for "state of protonation")
Term
Ions of O or S are ___(positive/negative/neutral)when protonated, and ___(positive/negative/neutral) when deprotonated
Definition
O and S are neutral when protonated, and negative when deprotonated
Term
Ions of N are ___(positive/negative/neutral)when protonated, and ___(positive/negative/neutral) when deprotonated
Definition
N is positive when protonated, and neutral when deprotonated
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