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Amino Acids
the 20 building blocks of proteins and their properties
22
Biochemistry
Undergraduate 4
08/28/2013
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Term
Ala
 Definition
  • Alanine
  • one methyl group
  • aliphatic (nonpolar and hydrophobic)
  • nonessential (can be made by body, not ingested)
  • very common
Term
Arg
 Definition
  • Arginine
  • side chain= (CH2)3-NH-C-(NH2)2
  • 3C side chain terminating in a positively charged group [basic chemical properties]
  • semi-essential, supplements needed for prenatal infants, burn/surgical/sepsis victims
  • ionizable, pka=12.5
Term
Asn
 Definition
  • Asparagine
  • side chain= CH2-CO(NH2)
  • 1C + terminal carboxamide
  • nonessential
  • uncharged
  • hydrophyllic
Term
Asp
 Definition
  • Aspartic Acid
  • negatively charged, hydrophyllic
  • sidechain= CH2-COO-
Term
Cys
 Definition
  • Cysteine
  • SC= CH2-SH
  • polar
  • thiol or sulfhydryl, more reactive, can form disulfide bonds
Term
Gln
 Definition
  • Glutamine
  • SC= (CH2)2-CO(NH2)
  • one carbon longer than Asn
  • uncharged, hydrophyllic
Term
Glu
 Definition
  • Glutamic Acid
  • SC= (CH2)2-COO-
  • negatively charged, acidic, polar
Term
Gly
 Definition
  • Glycine
  • SC= H
  • hydrophobic
  • aliphatic
Term
His
 Definition
  • Histidine
  • imidazole group, an aromatic ring (3C, 2N, 2 double bonds) that can be (+) or (0)
  • SC= CH2-imidazole
Term
Ile
 Definition
  • Isoleucine
  • SC= CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
  • hydrophobic, nonpolar, aliphatic
Term
Leu
 Definition
  • Leucine
  • SC= CH2-CH(CH3)2
  • aliphatic, nonpolar, hydrophobic
Term
Lys
 Definition
  • Lysine
  • long side chain terminating in (+) group
  • SC= (CH2)4-NH3+
Term
Met
 Definition
  • Methionine
  • (CH2)2-S-CH3
  • aliphatic 
  • thioether
Term
Phe
 Definition
  • Phenylalanine
  • SC= CH2-C6H5
  • aliphatic
Term
Pro
 Definition
  • Proline
  • cyclic
  • aliphatic
  • 3C sidechain that binds to N-terminus 
Term
Ser
 Definition
  • Serine
  • SC= CH2-OH
  • hydrophyllic, polar 
Term
Thr
 Definition
  • Threonine
  • CH(CH3)-OH
  • polar, hydrophyllic 
Term
Trp
 Definition
  • Tryptophan
  • SC= CH2-indole (2 fused rings containing an NH)
  • aliphatic
Term
Tyr
 Definition
  • Tyrosine
  • CH2-Phynl-OH
  • polar, hydrophobic
Term
Val
 Definition
  • Valine
  • SC= CH(CH3)2
  • aliphatic
Term
Asx
 Definition
  • Asparagine or Aspartic Acid
Term
Glx
 Definition
  • Glutamine or Glutamic Acid
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