Term
| Amino acids contain what? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are the three stages aa are transfered into the urea cycle? |
|
Definition
1. transamination
2. formation of amonnia
3. formation of carbamoyl phosphate |
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Term
| What part gets removed for transamination? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What gets used in transamination? |
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Definition
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Term
| Urea cycle takes place where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Amino acids give us what? |
|
Definition
1. purines
2. pyrimidines
3. porphyrins |
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Term
| What is pulled off while making urea? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is left over after nitrogen is pulled off? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the ketogenic intermediates? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do we get essential amino acids from? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the branched chains of amino acids? |
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Definition
Isoleucine, leucine, and valine,
a third of our muscle mass is from branched chain AA |
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Term
| What forms non essential AA formed? |
|
Definition
| alpha keto acids by transamination |
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Term
| What does transamination do? |
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Definition
| permits biosynthesis, degradation and equilibrates amino groups among available alpha keto acids. |
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|
Term
| What must be obtained in the diet as amino acids? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the key players in transam.? |
|
Definition
| alphaketoglutarate and glutamate |
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|
Term
| What are the enzymes involved in transam? and how many are there? |
|
Definition
| 12 transaminases, one for each enzyme |
|
|
Term
| What coenzyme do you have to have for transamination? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzymes are useful for us medically everday? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is ALT also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is AST also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are AST and AST used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| When we strip off the nitrogen of alanine it becomes what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When we add an amine group to alpha ketoglutarate we get what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Aspartate donates its amino group and becomes what? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| AST is more/less sensitive? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Oxidative Deamination, going the other way it would be reductive amination |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are we creating through oxidative deamination? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Where are the enzymes for the urea cycle contained? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Kidney has all urea cycle enzymes except what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the five steps of step two? |
|
Definition
Step 1 and 2= mitochondria
Step 3,4,5= Cytosol |
|
|
Term
| What is the committing step in Oxid. Deam? |
|
Definition
| Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase I |
|
|
Term
| What activates the committing step enzyme? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When glutamate is high, you have a lot of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the disease when you have a lack of enzyme of any cycle? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is the treatment for Hyperammonemia? |
|
Definition
| liver transplant, limit protein intake |
|
|
Term
| What is an enzyme used to diagnose liver or renal disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal range of BUN? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| amino acid catabolism, renal insufficiency, Kidney disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hepatic failure, Liver disease |
|
|
Term
| What makes up a carbon skeleton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 7 intermediates are made from the carbon skeletons? |
|
Definition
oxaloacetate,alpha-ketoglutarate, pyruvate,
fumarate, succinyl CoA, acetyl CoA, acetoacetyl
CoA |
|
|
Term
| Amino acids are degraded through what process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a test that is helpful in determining kidney function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be made through transamination? |
|
Definition
| catocholamines, serotonin |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is maple syrup disease? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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