Term
Michel Foucault Theory
Mental Models- not open-minded |
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Definition
History is told by the winners and powerful groups
Ways that we understand the world- they help us understand/focus on things, but they can also be limiting b/c we have assumptions
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| explicit or implicit rules governing what is acceptable and unacceptable in a group/society |
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| Normative Framework of Forestry |
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| represents common needs of forestry development in a particular context and reflects the knowledge and understanding of forest management of individuals who are in the forestry sector with their needs, power, and social status |
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Norms of how science is done
our assumptions underlie science, economy, opinions |
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Wood that is prepared for building construction and carpentry
It's flexible and good for Earthquakes |
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Common types of timber and their characteristics:
Redwood, Cedar, Oak |
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Definition
Redwood=doesn't rot
Cedar= repels pests
Oak= really strong |
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Some Facts
Timber
Collins Pine at Lake Almanor |
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Definition
Americans use 27% of commercially harvested (wood that is cut) in the world
Collins pine- 1941 1.5 Billion board feet (1 ft tall, 1 ft wide, 1 inch thick)
2001-1.5 billion board feet AND sold 2 billion board feet
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why is there more timber now?
growth is 1.5-2 times more than harvest rate-> forest getting denser
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Definition
more people do less harvesting, reduced mill amount, more people think forests should be preserved for their value, recreation value
CA produced 25% of wood that was consumed in CA, other 75% is from Washingtion, Oregon, and Canada
took 4 billion board feet to replace in Hurricane Katrina |
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Term
| Why does CA have more forest fires? |
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Definition
general reasons= lack of blizzards, never gets too freezing/cold, things grow in the winter
Main cause= in May, temperature gets hot with not rainfall, so things catch on fire |
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An area with a high density of trees
why forests are here and not there |
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Mideval times= agroforests, needed shrubs/grasses, farming
Forest started getting militarized, bring forest under control of King/ Monarchy, villages had to move out
Forest associated with crown, royalty, recreation, show off forest
18th Century-Sylva-> art of growing trees, recreation to grow trees-> England
1755- Restoration of trees using Slyvaculture
Robin Hood- king at time didn't know aout ppl needs, so he lived in forest + used robbery/poaching to help ppl take back forest for people |
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Definition
Believes that it's gov't responsibility to protect the forests
Gov't, state. Called public forest even though property of state governments
Gov't still owns wildlife to protect it + common good
humans + natural systems are coupled, more trees in Yosemite today
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Term
| Ostrom Reading-tragedy of commons |
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Definition
| many people use a scarce resource |
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characterized by difficulty of preventing groups from using and that they're limited in supply
include: fisheries, forests, irrigation systems, and grazing areas
Ostrom says each model doesn't connect to reality |
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Right that allows the use of property that belongs to another. The owner of land that bounds or contains a natural water channel hasis an example
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Axelrod, R
two individuals acting in their own best interest pursue a course of action that does not result in the ideal outcome.
both parties choose to protect themselves at the expense of the other participant.
As a result of following a purely logical thought process to help oneself, both participants find themselves in a worse state than if they had cooperated with each other in the decision-making process.
However, in the model, the prisoners may not communicate with each other—“information” that they need is not available. |
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Term
| Best way to solve tragedy of commons? |
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Definition
| everyone taking an equal amount |
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When a resource is open to all, no control
John Muir said first person to get to the Sierra gets the land |
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| Logic of Collective Action |
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Definition
Originally it was thought that if everyone in the group would benefit, people would work together in a group
Olson criticizes this concept
ex-if ppl believe in something, they will share a common interest
freeways-drive safely, but there are freeriders who go in the carpool land even though they're alone
Groups can’t work together for a shared benefit (public good) because of the problem of “free-riders”
Smaller groups are better at preventing this problem, because face to face contact creates social pressure to perform.
one who cannot be excluded from obtaining the benefits of a collective good once the good is produced has little incentive to contribute |
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Term
Policies as metaphors
solutions: levithan, privatization
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Definition
sanctioning reliable, accuracy of information: all major problems for federal land management agencies like the Forest Service.
big thing that comes in and changes everything-> controls things
Berkeley-> it's the scheduling, driving->cops, dmv->car registration
private-clearly defined boundaries, house-> it's private, but you must pay more
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People must have rules they decided upon to govern boundaries
ex=co-ops have separate rooms |
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