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American Wildlife
Terms
35
Environmental Studies
Undergraduate 4
10/16/2011

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Cards

Term

-formes

 

Definition
ending for orders
Term
-idae
Definition
ending for families
Term
Type Specimen
Definition
The first of a species collected
Term
Taxonomic Levels
Definition
  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
Term

Systematics

 

Definition
Relationships among taxa
Term
Phyletic Classification Systems
Definition
Based on the fossil record
Term
Phenetic Classification System
Definition
Based on clusters of relevent features
Term
Cladistic Classification System
Definition
Combination of fossil record and relevant features
Term

Number of species? Birds? Mammals? Etc?

 

Definition

9,600 Birds

2,500 Amphibians

6,300 Reptiles

4,330 Mammals

23,000 Terrestrial vertebrates

Term
Biological Species Concept
Definition
Species is a group of interbreeding, natural populations, reproductively isolated from other populations
Term
Allopatric Speciation
Definition
Divergence between isloated populations
Term
Sympatric Speciation
Definition
Divergence from non-isolated populations
Term
Monogamy
Definition
prolonged association of male+female for part or whole breeding season, both sexes give parental care
Term
polygyny
Definition
male mates with several females, females have only one mate, males give little parental care
Term
polyandry
Definition
Female associated with multiple males simultaneously or successively, female gives little parental care
Term
promiscuity
Definition
both males and females mate with different individuals w/no prolonged association, female cares for young
Term
Cooperative breeding
Definition
Multiple adults care for young, including non-breeding helpers
Term
Prairie Potholes
Definition
Shallow wetlands from Iowa to Alberta that produces 50% of North America's waterfowl, also known as the "duck factory"
Term
Litter Size?
Definition

Amphibians=1 to 100

Reptiles= 1 to dozens

Birds= 1 to 18

Mammals= 1 to 12

Term
Determinant vs. Indeterminant Clutch Sizes
Definition

Determinant=fixed number

Indeterminant=varies in number

Term

Allometry

 

Definition
Body Size
Term
Altricial
Definition
Eyes Closed, rely on parents
Term
Semi-altricial
Definition
Eyes open, still rely on parental care
Term
Precocial
Definition
Ready to live on their own immediately/soon after birth
Term
Totipalmate
Definition
Feet with webbing between all of the toes
Term
Lek
Definition
Area where males gather for competitive mating display, the males closer to the center are more dominant, associated with promiscuity
Term
Aggregation
Definition
temporary assemblages of individuals brought together by physical forces or attraction to resources
Term
Colonies
Definition
assemblages focused on a central places with critical resources, often breeding grounds
Term
Social Groups
Definition
More permanent assemblages arising via mutual attraction of individuals to gain cooperative benefits
Term
Home range
Definition
Area in which an animal spends its live, except during dispersal
Term
Territory
Definition
Area defended against intrusion by other individuals, may be permanent, reproductive, or foraging, can be entire range or small part
Term
Core Area
Definition
Portion of home range that is used more intensively
Term
Dispersal
Definition
movement of individual from birth area to new place where it reproduces or establishes a new home range
Term
philopatry
Definition
tendency to settle near a site of previous occupancy
Term
vagility
Definition
Tendency to settle away from a site of previous occupancy
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