• Sandhill Crane
• Breeds in Canada, AK, NW US to S. US and N. Mexico
• Migratory, resident in MS and FL
• Tundra, prairies, marshes, fields
• Typical diet, probes in mud, waste grain
• 2 Eggs
• Typical repro, elaborate mating "dance"
• Increasing, resident gulf coast species endangered->habitat loss

Whooping Crane

Canada (Wood buffalo NP)-->Coastal Texas (Arkansas NWR) and Idaho -->New Mexico, Resident in FL

Migratory

Wilderness wetlands, west prairies, freshwater marshes

Typical diet, probe in mud

2 eggs

Typical repro, elaborate mating display w/ trumpeting

Endangered, increasing, intensively managed

Wilson's Snipe

• Breeds in N N. America to S US, Brazil
• Migratory
• marshes, bogs, wet meadows
• Earthworms, insects, probes in mud
• 4 eggs
• Ground scrape, precocial, promiscuous until nest site selected then monogamous, adults divide brood and tend to them separately
• Stable game species

• American Woodcock
• E. US
• Moves S. in Winter
• moist areas w/ cover, moist woodland/forests, boggy thickets
• Earthworms, probes in mud
• 4 eggs
• Ground scrape, precocial, promiscuous
• Stable game species
• Nocturnal, eyes farther back on head

• Least Tern
• Along US coast/large rivers to S. AMerica in Winter
• Migratory
• beaches, bays, rivers
• mainly fish, aquatic invertebrates, hover then plunge into water
• 2-3 eggs
• general scrape, monogamous, semi-precocial, shakes water on eggs to cool them
• Stable, CA subspecies is endangered but recovering

• Marbled Murrelet (picture in conifer nest with moss)
• W. Coast of N. America
• Moves S. +further out to sea in winter
• Coastal waters, bays
• fish, aquatic invertebrates
• 1 egg
• Ground/tree nest with little structure, monogamous, precocial, only shore to breed,young have 1 chance to fly
• Declining, endangered
• Nocturnal, CA high limbs of old growth conifers, cause young to fall on first try

• Carolina Parakeet
• SE US
• Resident
• riparian areas, forest swamps, woodlands, forage open areas
• Seeds, fruit
• 2 eggs
• Tree cavity, monogamous, altricial, sleep in large groups within hollow trees
• Extinct, plume+pet trade, market hunting, flock return to injured, ag pests

• Yellow-billed Cuckoo
• Breeds US+Mexico, spotty in West to Latin America/Argentina in winter
• Migratory
• riparian areas, thickets, farms
• insects, CATERPILLARS
• 2-3 eggs
• Tree platform nests, monogamous, altricial, rarely brood parasites, speedy young development
• Declining, CA endangered, Blue List 1972-1986

• Red-cockaded Woodpecker
• SE US
• Resident
• Open mature pine woodland, maintained by surface fires
• insects-->wood-boring beetles & grubs
• 4 eggs
• Tree cavity, large living diseased trees, cooperative breeding, breeding pairs w/ young males helping w/ young altricial
• Stable, much lower than pre-settlement , endangered

• Pileated Woodpecker
• E. and NW US, Canada
• Resident
• Mature forests, cypress swamps
• Insects-->wood boring beetles+grubs, carpenter ants in winter
• 4 eggs
• Snag cavity, monogamous, altricial
• Increasing, use large trees aren't allowed to be logged+forest regrowth

• Ivory-billed Woodpecker
• SE US, rediscovered FL 2006, AR 2004
• Resident
• mature swampy riparian forests
• insects-->wood boring beetles+grubs
• 3 eggs
• snag cavity, monogamous, altricial
• Extinct 1995, not seen in US 1970s-->logging cypress forests caused decline

• Willow Flycatcher
• Across US+Canada to Central America
• Migratory
• Willow thickets along streams, Mt Meadows, brushy areas
• typical diet, flying insects
• 3-4 eggs
• General repro, cup nests
• West decline, declining, 4-5 subspecies, SW subspecies endangered

• Bell's Vireo (Broken eyering)
• Central/SW US to NW Mexico
• Migratory
• Thickets on rivers, brushy areas, woodland riparian
• Typical diet
• 3-4 eggs
• Typical repro, cup nest suspended by rim between twigs
• Declinging, CA subspecies "Least Bell's Vireo" endangered

• American Crow
• Across N. America
• Some migratory pops
• open/semi-open areas like fields, woodland, suburbs, prairies, garbage dumps
• invertebrates, small vertebrates, young birds/eggs, seeds, fruit
• 4-5 eggs
• Typical repro, some cooperative breeding, cup nest in tree/shrub
• Increasing, pest species, West Nile recent impacts, intelligent, use tools, sentinals to guard

• California Gnatcatcher
• Only found in S. CA and Baja
• Resident
• Chaparral, arid coastal scrub, sage brush
• Typical diet
• 3-4 eggs
• Typical repro, cup nest, altricial young depending for several months
• Declining, 3 subspecies, coastal listed as threatened

• European Starling
• Throughout N. AMerica, introduced from Europe 1890s NYC
• Resident, some migrant pops
• Found in all habitat types in US/Canada
• Typical diet
• 4-5 eggs
• General Repro, sometimes polygynous, cavity nesters, competes b/c secondary cavity nester
• Declining, but abundant pest

• Kirtland's Warbler
• Bahamas in winter and N/Central Michigan in Summer
• migratory
• young jackpines of central michigan
• insects, sap, berries
• 4-5 eggs
• nest on ground near pine, typical but rare polygyny
• Endangered but increasing

Brown-headed Cowbird

Across N. America, expanded from great plains to S. Mexico in winter

Migratory

pastures, fields, suburbs

Typical diet, insects associated with buffalo/cattle

4-5 eggs (sequence, 1 or 2 at a time)

brood parasite, rapid young development, monogamous, polygynous or promiscuous

Declining, but abundant pest