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| The values and attitudes that people have about issues, events, and personalities. |
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| Abstract, basic beliefs about your system of government. |
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| Actual opinions about a specific issue. |
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| A complex set of beliefs which form into a general philosophy of government. |
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| Everybody should have the opportunity to pursue their desires, within reason. |
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| All social groups should have the same status within society. |
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| Sets of actions the government cannot inhibit. |
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| Family, social groups, differences in education, political conditions, etc |
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| Gaps in public opinion between men and women. |
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| Liberals typically support... |
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| Social reform, government regulation of the economy, expansion of social services, more vigorous efforts on behalf of the poor, minorities, and women. Show great concern for consumers and the environment. |
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| Conservatives typically support... |
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| economic status quo, small government, economic competition over regulation (capitalism over socialism) |
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| Scientific instruments for measuring public opinion. Prevalent in contemporary American politics. Media organizations often have in-house polling operations and report public opinion data on a regular basis. |
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| A small group of respondents to represent the most important characteristics of an entire population. |
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| The illusion that an issue is more strongly cared about by the population than it actually is. |
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| Turnout is highest for which elections? |
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| Presidential elections, about 50% of citizens vote, every 4 years |
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| Held in the even-numbered years that do not coincide with presidential elections. Voter participation tends to be lower, around 33%. |
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| Elections used by political parties to select their candidates for general elections; these can be either open or closed. |
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| Those in which the voter can wait until the day of the primary to choose which party to enroll in. |
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| Those in which voters must choose which party to enroll in prior to the day of the primary. |
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| Americans tend to vote more often or less often than other countries' citizens? |
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| Percent of Americans registered to vote? |
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| Passed in 1993, allowed citizens to register to vote when applying for their driver's licenses? |
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| A ballot initiative regarding a particular issue. The state citizens get to directly pass a law, bypassing the state legislature. |
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| A petition signed by voters to recall an elected official. |
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| Citizens vote on an issue directly. A non-binding show of support. |
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| Voting based on the past performance of a party or candidate. |
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| Voting based on the predictions of how a party or candidate will perform in the future. |
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| Thomas Jefferson's Republican party attempted to outlaw the opposing Federalist party. |
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| Mrs Maxwell's opinions regarding parties |
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| Not strong enough, but too partisan |
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| Seek to control the government by electing their members to office and thus by controlling the personnel of government. |
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| Push specifically for an individual issue |
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| Benefits of political parties |
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1. Facilitate collective action in the electoral process.
2. Help resolve collective choice in the policy-making process.
3. Regulate career advancement of politicians and thus deal with the potential threat of individual political ambitions. |
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| Functions of political parties |
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| Delegates from around the state convene to select their nominated candidate. Rare in today's political system. |
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| The modern Democratic party emerged out of the party established by Thomas Jefferson in the late 18th century and revitalized by Andrew Jackson in the 1820s. |
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| The modern Republican Party emerged in the 1850s as an antislavery party out of the remnants of the Whig party. Sole cause at formation was abolition of slavery and preservation of the Union. Their first presidential candidate is Abraham Lincoln. |
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1798-1828
Federalists vs Democratic-Republicans |
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1828-1854
Whigs vs Democrats |
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1854-1896
Republicans vs Democrats |
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Fourth Party System
Populists vs Democrats vs Republicans |
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1932-1968
New Deal Coalition |
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1968-Present
Republicans vs Democrats |
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| Formed in response to the monarchical policies of Andrew Jackson. |
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| Established the Mason-Dixon line, which allows northern states to abolish slavery and allows southern states to retain slavery. Declared unconstitutional in 1850. |
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| Period between the Civil War and World War I in which the Republican government becomes badly corrupt, corporations grow rapidly, and laborers become an abused demographic. |
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| "The Peoples' Party", a third party movement which formed in response to Reconstruction era Republican corruption. The populist platform is absorbed into the Democratic party in 1896, essentially co-opting the Democratic party. |
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| Composed of disparate, diverse groups who were devastated by the Great Depression. Essentially all groups except big business groups. Aligned with the Democratic Party and specifically FDR. |
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| A major shift in the political structure, including party allegiance of different social groups. |
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| Third Parties fail quickly because... |
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| One of the two major parties adopt their issues, the single-member plurality electoral system limits their opportunities for electoral success, and the periods of flux and the the uncertainties that produce them subside or are addressed by public policies. |
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| Protections of citizens from unwarranted government action. |
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| Protections of citizens from unwarranted government action. |
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| Describe government's responsibility to protect citizens. |
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| Substantive Civil Liberties |
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| Topics the government cannot make rules regarding, such as religion, birth/parenting... |
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| Procedural Civil Liberties |
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| Procedures the government must follow such as imminent domain, miranda rights, etc |
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| Barron sued Baltimore for rendering his wharf useless on the grounds that it had violated his Fifth amendment rights by taking his property without "just compensation". The Supreme Court ruled that constitutional rights did not have to be applied by state and local governments. |
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| All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. |
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| The Slaughter House Cases |
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| The Louisiana government gave a monopoly on butchering to one butcher in New Orleans. Other butchers in the area sued. Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment's primary purpose was to protect African-Americans and did not apply to the white butchers. |
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| On a case-by-case basis, the Supreme Court began recognizing a role for the national government to protect citizens from state governments. |
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| State of Connecticut tried Palco for a crime twice. Palco cited "Double Jeopardy". Supreme Court allows Palco to be tried again, but question their own ruling. |
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| States must provide an attorney to anyone who's arrested and tried. |
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| Police must have a reasonable suspicion in order to search your possessions. |
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| Established miranda rights |
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| Excludes evidence obtained in violation of Fourth Amendment protections against warrantless searches and seizures. |
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| Ensures that arrested persons must be informed of their rights to "remain silent" and to have legal counsel. |
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| Hear the prosecution's case and decides if a trial will take place. |
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| You can't be prosecuted twice for the same crime. |
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| Defendants do not have to reveal self-incriminating evidence during a criminal trial. |
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| Governments may seize a citizen's land if he or she is compensated fairly. |
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