Shared Flashcard Set

Details

American National Government Test 2
Angie Maxwell, University of Arkansas
49
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
10/05/2010

Additional Political Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The colonial experience with the king of England and royally appointed governors...
Definition
...warned Americans of the dangers of strong executives.
Term
The weak executive under the Articles of Confederation...
Definition
...highlighted the problems of governing without a potent executive.
Term
Federalists sought to...
Definition
...empower the existing presidency.
Term
Requirements to be President
Definition
1. Natural born citizen.
2. Resident of the US for the last 14 years.
3. 35 years of age
Term
Implied Powers
Definition
Powers derived from constitutional clauses.
Term
Delegated Powers
Definition
Powers granted to the president via congress.
Term
Military Powers of the President
Definition
1. President is Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.
2. President can conduct a war for 60 days without congress's approval, and has 30 days to bring troops back to America after the war is completed.
3. Can temporarily nationalize the National Guard.
Term
War Powers Resolution
Definition
Passed in the 1970s after Nixon's bombings of Cambodia. Reasserts that congress is granted the power to declare war. Required the president to inform congress within 48 hours of any new military campaigns.
Term
Judicial Powers of the President
Definition
1. May appoint Supreme Court justices.
2. May grand pardons.
Term
Diplomatic Powers of the President
Definition
1. President is the Chief Diplomat
2. Receives Ambassadors and Ministers
Term
Executive Agreements
Definition
Agreements between countries that are below the policy level.
Term
Legislative Powers of the President
Definition
1. Can veto congressional acts.
Term
Presidential Cabinet
Definition
Started as a small circle of advisors. Was kept as a tradition and expanded in the form of departments.
Term
Cabinet secretaries are chosen by...
Definition
the President
Term
National Security Council consists of...
Definition
Vice President, Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of the Treasury, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Secretary of Homeland Security, any other advisors the president wants
Term
White House Staff consists of...
Definition
Chief of Staff, Communications Director, Legislative Director, Press Secretary
Term
Original size of White House Staff and modern size
Definition
50, over 500
Term
Purpose of organizational elaboration within the White House
Definition
increased specialization and expertise in the presidency
Term
Methods of affecting policy through executive action
Definition
Appointment powers, executive reorganization, executive orders
Term
Vice President's jobs
Definition
1. Take over if President dies
2. Break ties in the Senate
Term
20th century expansion of presidential connection to the people caused by
Definition
Advent of popular presidential campaigning, use of conventions and then the primary elections, press conferences, "fireside chats"
Term
Regulatory Review
Definition
President "audits" one of the agencies underneath him
Term
Criminal Law
Definition
The government accuses you of a crime. "Penal Code" Most laws are state laws.
Term
Contract Civil Law
Definition
Breaking of a contract between two private parties.
Term
Tort Civil Law
Definition
Accusation of negligence against a party.
Term
Public Law
Definition
Involve either a civil case or a criminal case which states that the government has violated the law.
Term
Precedents
Definition
Prior legal decisions influence present legal decisions.
Term
Trial Courts
Definition
generally the first courts to hear criminal and civil cases.
Term
Appellate Courts
Definition
Hear the appeals of trial court decisions
Term
Supreme Courts
Definition
Highest courts in a system, and they usually serve appellate functions.
Term
Original Jurisdiction
Definition
First court that gets to hear the case. Usually trial courts.
Term
Appellate Jurisdiction
Definition
The court that hears the appeals. Usually appellate courts.
Term
Federal Jurisdiction
Definition
About 10 percent of cases in district court and federal agencies are accepted by higher courts for appeals.
Term
The country is divided into _______ judicial circuits, each with a ______.
Definition
12, US Circuit Court of Appeals
Term
Cases involving international issues are tried in...
Definition
Federal Courts
Term
Class Action lawsuits heard at...
Definition
federal level
Term
Number of federal courts
Definition
Trial - 94
Appellate - 12
Term
State judges are appointed by...
Definition
popular election
Term
Federal judges are appointed by...
Definition
US President
Term
Senatorial Courtesy
Definition
President confers with senators before choosing federal judges
Term
Marbury vs Madison
Definition
William Marburry sues Secretary of State James Madison due to his failure to process paperwork which would appoint Marburry to a judgeship. Supreme Court determined that they did not have the constitutional power to force Madison to process the paperwork. It was the first case in which the Supreme Court determined that a law passed by congress was unconstitutional.
Term
Humdi vs Rumsfeld
Definition
Humdi, an American citizen is captured in Afghanistan and declared an "enemy combatant", thus denied due process and habeas corpus. Supreme Court orders the Bush administration to restore his rights due to his citizenship.
Term
Cases in which the US Supreme Court has original jurisdiction
Definition
Cases between the federal government and state governments, cases between two different states, cases against another nation, cases involving foreign diplomats
Term
Delegate Representation
Definition
Representatives closely follow and act upon the preferences of their constituents.
Term
Trustee Representation
Definition
Representatives act based upon their own judgments when they disagree with their constituents.
Term
House of Representatives structure
Definition
435 members, 2 year term, membership per state varies by population, localized narrow constituencies, organized by committee expertise, delegate style representation
Term
Senate structure
Definition
100 senators, 6 year term, states represented equally, broader more diverse constituencies, deliberative, generalist, trustee representation
Term
Competitive advantages granted by incumbency
Definition
Name recognition, fund-raising advantages, more media coverage
Term
Franking Privilege
Definition
Incumbent representatives are able to send mail to constituents for free
Supporting users have an ad free experience!