Term
| The colonial experience with the king of England and royally appointed governors... |
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Definition
| ...warned Americans of the dangers of strong executives. |
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Term
| The weak executive under the Articles of Confederation... |
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Definition
| ...highlighted the problems of governing without a potent executive. |
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Term
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Definition
| ...empower the existing presidency. |
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Term
| Requirements to be President |
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Definition
1. Natural born citizen.
2. Resident of the US for the last 14 years.
3. 35 years of age |
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Term
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Definition
| Powers derived from constitutional clauses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Powers granted to the president via congress. |
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Term
| Military Powers of the President |
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Definition
1. President is Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.
2. President can conduct a war for 60 days without congress's approval, and has 30 days to bring troops back to America after the war is completed.
3. Can temporarily nationalize the National Guard. |
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Term
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Definition
| Passed in the 1970s after Nixon's bombings of Cambodia. Reasserts that congress is granted the power to declare war. Required the president to inform congress within 48 hours of any new military campaigns. |
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Term
| Judicial Powers of the President |
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Definition
1. May appoint Supreme Court justices.
2. May grand pardons. |
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Term
| Diplomatic Powers of the President |
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Definition
1. President is the Chief Diplomat
2. Receives Ambassadors and Ministers |
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Term
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Definition
| Agreements between countries that are below the policy level. |
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Term
| Legislative Powers of the President |
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Definition
| 1. Can veto congressional acts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Started as a small circle of advisors. Was kept as a tradition and expanded in the form of departments. |
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Term
| Cabinet secretaries are chosen by... |
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Definition
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Term
| National Security Council consists of... |
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Definition
| Vice President, Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of the Treasury, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Secretary of Homeland Security, any other advisors the president wants |
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Term
| White House Staff consists of... |
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Definition
| Chief of Staff, Communications Director, Legislative Director, Press Secretary |
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Term
| Original size of White House Staff and modern size |
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Definition
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Term
| Purpose of organizational elaboration within the White House |
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Definition
| increased specialization and expertise in the presidency |
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Term
| Methods of affecting policy through executive action |
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Definition
| Appointment powers, executive reorganization, executive orders |
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Term
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Definition
1. Take over if President dies
2. Break ties in the Senate |
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Term
| 20th century expansion of presidential connection to the people caused by |
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Definition
| Advent of popular presidential campaigning, use of conventions and then the primary elections, press conferences, "fireside chats" |
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Term
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Definition
| President "audits" one of the agencies underneath him |
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Term
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Definition
| The government accuses you of a crime. "Penal Code" Most laws are state laws. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breaking of a contract between two private parties. |
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Term
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Definition
| Accusation of negligence against a party. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involve either a civil case or a criminal case which states that the government has violated the law. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prior legal decisions influence present legal decisions. |
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Term
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Definition
| generally the first courts to hear criminal and civil cases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hear the appeals of trial court decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| Highest courts in a system, and they usually serve appellate functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| First court that gets to hear the case. Usually trial courts. |
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Term
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Definition
| The court that hears the appeals. Usually appellate courts. |
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Term
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Definition
| About 10 percent of cases in district court and federal agencies are accepted by higher courts for appeals. |
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Term
| The country is divided into _______ judicial circuits, each with a ______. |
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Definition
| 12, US Circuit Court of Appeals |
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Term
| Cases involving international issues are tried in... |
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Definition
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Term
| Class Action lawsuits heard at... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| State judges are appointed by... |
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Definition
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Term
| Federal judges are appointed by... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| President confers with senators before choosing federal judges |
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Term
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Definition
| William Marburry sues Secretary of State James Madison due to his failure to process paperwork which would appoint Marburry to a judgeship. Supreme Court determined that they did not have the constitutional power to force Madison to process the paperwork. It was the first case in which the Supreme Court determined that a law passed by congress was unconstitutional. |
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Term
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Definition
| Humdi, an American citizen is captured in Afghanistan and declared an "enemy combatant", thus denied due process and habeas corpus. Supreme Court orders the Bush administration to restore his rights due to his citizenship. |
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Term
| Cases in which the US Supreme Court has original jurisdiction |
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Definition
| Cases between the federal government and state governments, cases between two different states, cases against another nation, cases involving foreign diplomats |
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Term
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Definition
| Representatives closely follow and act upon the preferences of their constituents. |
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Term
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Definition
| Representatives act based upon their own judgments when they disagree with their constituents. |
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Term
| House of Representatives structure |
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Definition
| 435 members, 2 year term, membership per state varies by population, localized narrow constituencies, organized by committee expertise, delegate style representation |
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Term
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Definition
| 100 senators, 6 year term, states represented equally, broader more diverse constituencies, deliberative, generalist, trustee representation |
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Term
| Competitive advantages granted by incumbency |
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Definition
| Name recognition, fund-raising advantages, more media coverage |
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Term
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Definition
| Incumbent representatives are able to send mail to constituents for free |
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