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| A rock with viking text inscribed on it, saying that vikings colonized first. The stone was a fraud. |
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| Very simple alphabet represented by simple verticle lines. These lines sometimes occur in rocks naturally and some of thises rocks have been taken for ogam languange when in fact they have nothing to do with it at all |
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| Area which is present day the Bering Straight, its believed that northern siberia was once connected to alaska. This highly supports the "Clovis First" hypothesis, saying that it was a passage for the first colonizers of the americas |
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| Most extensivly dated early site on continet, located in Pennsylvania. Has artifascts dating back past the time when people thought the americas were colonized. |
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| Dating artifacts by looking at how much carbon is in it. Carbon has a half-life of 5,730 years. Affected by industrial revolution and nuclear weapons. |
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Projectile point made out of flattened rock. Used in hunting on spears or bows. First point found in Clovis, New Mexico, and they are commonly found with remains of animals. |
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| The 3 main southwestern tribes are Hohokam, Mogollan, and Ansazi. All three tribes were good dry farmers (maize, beans, and squash). Not sure why these tribes died out, possibilites include drought, attacks, and shortage of food. |
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| 300-1450. This tribe grew an abundant amount of corn, created red/tan pottery, lived in pit houses, and began using irrigation to aid farming. |
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| 300-1350. This tribe lived in pueblos and created black/white pottery. They had undergound kivas, used for ritual events. |
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185-1400. Started with pit houses but soon transformed into defense houses. Had several towns connected by many roads. |
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| Vastly Covered by forest...had many native cultures |
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EARLY ARCHIAC
MIDDLE ARCHAIC
LATE ARCHAIC |
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8,000-6,000
6,000-4,000
4,000-2,000 |
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| Built many burial mounds for the dead, they were the first to build these mounds. The mounds showed that there were different status's among group. The also had pipes, showing they smoked as a ritual event. |
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| They were artisans and produced even more intricate and elaborate burial mounds. They learned from Adena culture and perfected the art of making pottery. They established a vast trade system that spread far throughout the continent |
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Farmed the "Three Sisters" which were maize, squash, and beans. Became more complex, having small towns and even some cities. First to be effected by disease. |
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| Largest buriel mound, in mississippian culture |
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| Largest Pre-Historic city north of mexico. 10,000 inhabitants |
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| Divided into three main reagions---Great Basin, Platuea and Southwest |
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| Located in present day Nevada and Utah. Was swampy for long time, then Freemont culture moved in, then shortly died of once farming did not work.Land the inhabited by hunter-gatherers, which left behind remains |
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| Located in present day Oregon and Washington. Rain falls abundantly and the two main rivers (Columbia and Fraser) provided way of life. People lived of fish and water animals, mainly salmon. |
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| Middle portion of Far West and had a lot of enviornmental diversity. The land accomidated many immigrants, forming complex cultures and many different languages. up to 500 cultures. |
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| Cultures here relied on fish and sea animals. Permenent settlments were established where conoes were built, totem-woodworking was done, and potlaches were practiced |
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| The giving of valuable gifts to guests to demonstrate high rank and wealth |
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| Dating where you associate the artifact found with where it was found |
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| Idea that the first indians came through and ice-free corridor in Beringia. Artifacts found in Clovis, New Mexico dating back further than any previous. |
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| Idea that first Indians traveled down the coast in boats. Eventually reaching South America also. |
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| Idea that first natives cam from Europe because some artifacts match those in Europe. This idea is hardly supported |
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| Main supporter of "Clovis First" theory. Finds ways to say that sites dating back further than clovis have been effected by something in some way |
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| Opposes "Clovis First" theory and says Natives colonized the americas before that date |
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