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American Government Public Opinion Vocabulary
Words/Phrases with Definitions
24
Social Studies
10th Grade
11/18/2012

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Term
public opinion
Definition
ideas and attitudes held by a large group of people about government and political issues
Term
mandate
Definition
instructions or commands a constituency gives to its elected officials
Term
political spectrum
Definition
a continuum that describes how people view changes and government involvement
Term
conservative
Definition
tending to prefer the established political or social order or policy
Term
reactionary
Definition
tendency to oppose a former and usually outmoded political or social order or policy
Term
radical
Definition
advocating extreme measures to retain or restore a political state of affairs
Term
liberal
Definition
a philosophy that considers government as a crucial instrument for improving social inequities such as those involving race, gender, or class
Term
moderate
Definition
characterized by political or social beliefs that are not at either extreme of the political spectrum
Term
political party
Definition
groups of people with common interests who organize to win elections, control government and influence patterns in voting and legislation
Term
coalition
Definition
a temporary alliance of several groups who come together to form a working majority and so to control a working government
Term
splinter party
Definition
a party that has split away from one of the major parties
Term
ideological party
Definition
a political party based on a shared ideology (that is, the group of people in the party share the same ideas and beliefs about how things are or how they ought to be)
Term
patronage
Definition
the practice of giving jobs to political supporters and friends
Term
interest group
Definition
a group of people who share common views or interests, but are not actually a political party, that work to get policies/laws to favor their views and interests
Term
lobbying
Definition
activities by which group pressures are brought to bear on legislators, the legislative process, and all aspects of the public policy-making process
Term
lobbyist
Definition
a person who engages in lobbying
Term
straw poll
Definition
an informal and unofficial poll or vote that is done to get information about what people think about something
Term
scientific poll
Definition
a formal poll that uses sophisticated research methods, such as random sampling, in an effort to make predictions about a population, such as an election outcome
Term
libel/slander
Definition
libel is malicious and false information intended to defame another person, specifically in printed form. Slander is malicious and false information intended to defame another person, specifically in spoken form.
Term
bias
Definition
a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment such as a prejudice
Term
prior restraint
Definition
governmental prohibition imposed on expression before the expression actually takes place
Term
Freedom of Information Act
Definition
A U.S. law that allows for the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased information and documents controlled by the U.S. government
Term
Shield laws
Definition
laws that protect journalists from forced disclosure of confidential news sources
Term
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Definition
A U.S. Government agency whose mission is to make available so far as possible, to all the people of the United States, rapid, efficient, nationwide and worldwide wire and radio communication services with adequate facilities at reasonable charges.
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