Term
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Definition
Authorization: Royal grant to founding grp
Administered by: elected governor (popular vote)
Law making bodies: elected council (popular vote) and elected assembly |
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Term
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Definition
Auth: Directly under control of monarch
Adm: monarch appointed governor
Law m Bodies: gov. appointed council and elected assembly |
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Term
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Definition
Auth: owned by a single person who received royal grant
Adm: colony owner appointed governor
Law m Bodies: colony owner appointed council and elected assembly |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of newspaper articles that effectively argued for the adoption of the Constitution. |
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Term
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Definition
| the oldest colonial constitution written by the Pilgrims in 1620. |
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Term
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Definition
| the economic system in which colonies existed only for the profit and benefit of the mother country. |
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Term
| Declaration of Independence |
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Definition
| the formal document announcing the separation of the colonies from Britain. |
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Term
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Definition
| the name of a radical group composed of young middle-class colonists who protested against British controls. |
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Term
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Definition
| the beneficial neglect of the thirteen colonies by the king because of European and domestic distractions. |
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Term
| committees of correspondence |
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Definition
| organized groups who circulated papers and letters through the colonies in an effort to keep leaders and others informed on the latest developments. |
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Term
| Growing royal anger with the American colonies was due to |
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Definition
| costs of colonies was exceeding income generated |
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Term
| The British action which restricted the “triangular trade” conducted by colonists to earn hard-money profits was the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
closed Boston harbor and inflicted other
punishments on Massachusetts. |
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Term
| The plan of government in America prior to the Constitution and after the Second Continental Congress was the |
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Definition
| Articles of Confederation |
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Term
| Which of the following did the Articles of Confederation fail to provide? |
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Definition
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Term
| The major argument against the adoption of the Constitution was that it |
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Definition
| gave the national government too much power and did not guarantee personal liberties |
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Term
| For the Constitution to be ratified how many states needed to give their approval? |
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Definition
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Term
| The practice of slavery had ended in the northern colonies before the Revolutionary War began. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of colony was best suited to and least affected by the policy of salutary neglect? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following was probably the greatest obstacle to colonial unity and cooperation prior to the Revolution? |
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Definition
| differences in life styles |
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Term
| Which of the following was probably the most important factor in getting the Constitution ratified in most states? |
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Definition
| the promise to quickly add a “bill of rights” |
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Term
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Definition
| the way one branch of government limits the actions of another |
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Term
| branch of government that enforces the law |
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Definition
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Term
| branch of government that makes the law |
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Definition
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Term
| branch of government that interprets the law |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the division of governmental powers between different branches |
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Term
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Definition
| the right of the courts to examine the declare acts or laws unconstitutional |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of implied powers to meet the changing needs of society and extend federal authority |
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Term
| What can the state refuse to a family that recently moved there from another state? |
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Definition
| the right to vote in local elections until the adults have established residency |
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Term
| Law enforcement officers cannot interfere with activities carried on in the privacy of one's home. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the largest single share of the federal budget |
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Term
| the executive branch may check the power of the judicial branch by |
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Definition
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Term
| the legislative branch may check the power of the judicial branch by |
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Definition
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Term
| 6 basic purposes of government outlined in the preamble |
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Definition
create a more perfect union
establish justice
insure domestic tranquility
provide for the common defense
promote the general welfare
secure the blessings of liberty |
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Term
| help for victims of natural disasters |
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Definition
| insure domestic tranquility |
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Term
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Definition
| promote the general welfare |
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Term
| priority of federal law over a similar or contradictory state law |
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Definition
| form a more perfect union |
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Term
| balance of government regulation against civil freedoms |
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Definition
| secure the blessings of liberty |
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Term
| the largest percent of the american tax dollar is spent on national defense |
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Definition
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Term
| federal regulations have increased greatly in recent history |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the individual who developed the idea of separation of powers |
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Term
| the executive branch may check the power of the legislative branch by |
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Definition
using veto power on legislation
refusing to spend money appropriated by congress
calling special sessions of congress |
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Term
| the legislative branch may check the power of the executive branch by |
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Definition
impeaching executive branch officials
controlling budgets and appropriations
ratifying appointments and treaties |
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Term
| the constitutional concept of implied powers has allowed for new laws to be created to meet the needs of a changing nation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that only those powers specifically outlines in the constitution are lawful |
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Term
| the father of the constitution |
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Definition
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Term
| the framers of the constitution were average american citizens |
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Definition
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Term
| private property may be purchases by the government over the objections of property owners if it is needed for the public good |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| citizens have other rights besides those specifically mentioned in the constitution |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the right of eminent domain |
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Definition
| the government may take private property in the interest of greater public good, but must justly compensate the owner |
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Term
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Definition
| a document the prevents a person from being held in jail indefinitely without being charged |
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Term
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Definition
| a prohibited law allowing an individual to be found guilty of a crime without due process |
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Term
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Definition
| forbids slavery or servitude in the united states |
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Term
| a naturalized citizen may not |
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Definition
| become president of the united states |
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Term
| the doctrine of "clear and present danger" allows government to |
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Definition
| suspend or restrict the civil rights of the citizens |
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Term
| forbidden law, making enforcement and punishment retroactive |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
makes a crime of an action that was not illegal at the time it was performed
ex: a state law that will take effect next january says companies cannot donate more than $1000. any attempt to prosecute company x for making a contribution of $2000 THIS year would be ex post facto = illegal |
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Term
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Definition
| a promise by the court not to prosecute if the individual will fully cooperate |
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Term
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Definition
| published, untrue statement damaging someones reputation |
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Term
| in a democracy like the US, the wished of the majority always outweigh the wishes of a minority. |
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Definition
| false: certain basic rights must be safeguarded no matter how unpopular their expression might be |
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Term
| in order for a revolutionay speech to be considered cause for arrest, the government must prove that it constituted |
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Definition
| a clear and present danger |
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Term
| the right keep and bear arms is an absolute privilege granted under the bill of rights. |
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Definition
| false: the government places many restrictions on the use of arms |
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Term
| a judge is most likely to issue a search warrant |
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Definition
| when the police have good reason to believe that a crime has been committed |
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Term
| the due process clause in the fifth and 14th amendments defines a citizens rights to fair and equal protection under state and federal laws. |
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Definition
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Term
| the american colonist based their decision to revolt against british rile on |
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Definition
| the belief that they were being denied their rights as british subjects |
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Term
| federal protections written into the bills of rights have always applied to state law as well. |
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Definition
| false: not until 1868 did the due process clause of the 14th amendment give the courts legal means of extending federal rights guarantees to cases involving state laws. |
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Term
| noncitizens living in the US receieve equal protection under the guarantees of the constitution. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
freedom of press
freedom of speech
freedom of assembly and petition
freedom of religion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| freedom from quartering troops |
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Term
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Definition
| freedom from unreasonable search and seizure |
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Term
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Definition
right to own property
right to not be tried twice for the same crime
right to not have to testify against oneself
right not to deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law |
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Term
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Definition
right to confront witnesses
right to call witnesses
right to an attorney
right to face accusers
right to know charges |
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Term
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Definition
right to a reasonable bail
right not to be subjected to cruel or unusual punishment |
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Term
| the ninth and tenth amendments |
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Definition
| the national government cannot enlarge its powers beyond those granted by the Constitution |
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Term
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Definition
| uqual protection under the law and prevents states from restricting civil rights |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a union of cooperating parties common to the political system of other nations |
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Term
| Small political parties can easily gain national representation. |
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Definition
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Term
| todays democratic party favors |
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Definition
| a strong federal government |
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Term
| the first political parties in the US were? |
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Definition
| federalists and anti federalists |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual who favors greater government involvement in solving social and economic problems |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual whose political views are radical left |
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Term
| american political parties are most active at this level |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the political system most often used today to decide party candidates and policy |
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Term
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Definition
| the period of time between the election of a new president and the swearing-in ceremonies during which the outgoing president is still in charge |
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Term
| the last step involved in the process of choosing a new president |
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Definition
| the presidential inauguration is held |
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Term
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Definition
| the swearing in ceremony of a new president |
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Term
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Definition
| voting of party members for all of the candidates of another party during an open primary or general election |
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Term
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Definition
| a public election in which a political party chooses its candidates for the general election |
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Term
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Definition
| voters who do not consider themselves a member of any political party |
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Term
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Definition
| the giving out of favors by a political party to its supporters |
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Term
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Definition
| a person with a political middle of the road viewpoint |
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Term
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Definition
| a person who believes in limiting government involvement in social and economic issues |
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Term
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Definition
summary of a political party
s beliefs and goals |
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Term
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Definition
| the grass roots level of a political party's organization in a city or town |
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Term
| advantage of two party system over multiparty systems |
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Definition
| it provides stable governments that change only at election time |
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Term
| the modern republican party inherited the political tradition of the |
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Definition
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Term
| the failure of third parties to win national elections can be traced to |
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Definition
| the tendency of the major parties to take over the ideas of third parties once these ideas become popular |
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Term
| a right wing politician would most likely believe in |
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Definition
| less government control over auto manufacturers |
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Term
| the majority of american voters can usually be found in the political camp of the |
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Definition
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Term
| most important task of the national convention |
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Definition
| select the party's candidate for president |
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Term
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Definition
| one who is waiting to leave office after a successor has been elected |
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Term
| what three requirements must a group with common political beliefs have in order to truly be called a political party? |
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Definition
shared beliefs
program
chance of success |
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Term
| five functions or accomplishments of political parties |
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Definition
organize a political majority
provide electable candidates
educate voters
finance election campaigns
winners run to government |
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Term
| the six levels at which major political parties are organized |
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Definition
1.) national
2.) state
3.) county
4.) city/town
5.) ward
6.) precinct |
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Term
| what system has largely replaced the party caucus method of deciding political candidates and policy? |
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Definition
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Term
| the three important political activities accomplished at state and national party conventions |
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Definition
nominate candidates
develop platform
votes on rules for party operation |
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Term
| the two ways in which delegate may be chose for national party conventions |
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Definition
1.) primaries
2.) nominating conventions |
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Term
| today, winning political parties control and run the governement by way of the spoils system |
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Definition
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Term
| the federalist party eventually became the |
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Definition
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Term
| the antifederalist party eventually became the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
an individual who favors government takeover of resources, industry, and social issues to make them the responsibility of everyone
radical left |
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Term
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Definition
an individual who denounces most government regulation and who is generally very anticommunist
radical right |
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Term
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Definition
an individual who feels the national government is too large and would prefer to see economic and social problems handled by the private sector and by local and state governments
rightwing |
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Term
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Definition
an individual who wants the government to solve major social and economic problems
left wing |
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Term
| the first step in electing president |
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Definition
| party members announce their candidacy for the presidency |
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Term
| the second step in electing president |
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Definition
| state primaries or nominating conventions take place |
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Term
| the third step in electing president |
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Definition
| the party's national convention is held, and delegates choose a presidential candidate |
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Term
| the fourth step in electing president |
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Definition
| a party's presidential candidate campaigns against the opposing party's candidate. |
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Term
| the fifth step in electing president |
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Definition
| the general election takes place |
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Term
| the sixth step in electing president |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a primary open only to registered members of a party |
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Term
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Definition
| A primary open to all voters who then declare their choice of party in the voting booth |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary voting in which Republicans can vote for Democratic candidates and Democrats for Republicans |
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Term
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Definition
| a compromise candidate chosen at a national convention because of a deadlock over the front runner |
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Term
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Definition
| poses some potential for one party to legally sabotage the other party's attempts to determine its most popular candidate |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| only property owners could vote in early america |
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Definition
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Term
| today, states may restrict voting privileges by |
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Definition
| setting residency requirements |
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Term
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Definition
| most likely to be restricted to voters who have registered as members of a political party |
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Term
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Definition
| most likely to vote for the democratic party |
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Term
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Definition
| an election year when no presidential race is scheduled |
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Term
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Definition
| a tax on the right to vote |
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Term
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Definition
| the voting of people who have similar characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| an official second count of election results |
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Term
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Definition
| individual voting that supports members of both parties rather than just one party |
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Term
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Definition
| addition of a candidate to the ballot by a voter |
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Term
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Definition
| a ballot mailed to a voter who will be out of town at voting time |
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Term
| during the first presidential election, what percent of the population were legal voters? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| secret ballot was first developed in |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
process which allows voters to remove an elected
official from office before his or her term is complete |
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Term
| general elections are held |
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Definition
| every even numbered november |
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Term
| Federal election commission |
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Definition
FEC
established to administer the laws dealing with campaign financing |
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Term
| To qualify for public campaign money, presidential candidates must |
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Definition
| raise a minimum of $5,000 in each of at least twenty different states (no single contribution can be more than $250) |
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Term
| what influences public opinion? |
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Definition
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Term
| what has encouraged the growth of pressure groups? |
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Definition
| freedom of speech and assembly, political system response, and the size of the government |
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Term
| most states allow lobbyist to take legislators out to dinner and provide limited free services |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| legislation proposed by the public by way of petition and decided by popular vote at the next general election |
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Term
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Definition
referring a legislative matter to the voters fir their approval or rejection
the process of voter approval or rejection of completed legislation
needed to approve or reject amendments to a states constitution |
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Term
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Definition
| last step in the initiative process |
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Term
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Definition
| lists of signatures supporting initiative, referendum, or recall measures |
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Term
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Definition
process by which voters can remove government officials from office
requires the most amount of petition signatures to be called to a vote |
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Term
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Definition
| an informal and unscientific poll |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of individuals organized to push for legislation favorable to their ideas and goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| information designed to persuade people to think a specific way |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual who attempts to influence members of congress on behalf of a pressure group |
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Term
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Definition
| general attitudes and feelings of citizens regarding contemporary issues |
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Term
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Definition
the modern means of giving out information
radio, tv, newspapers, magazines, etc |
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Term
| the most accurate poll on a major question of national policy wold be |
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Definition
| a cross sampling of people from several widely scattered states |
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Term
| the biggest problem facing someone who wants to conduct an accurate poll is |
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Definition
| people's opinions change too rapidly to measure |
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Term
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Definition
| the best place to look in a newspaper for articles designed to both inform and persuade |
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Term
| primary job of pressure group |
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Definition
| obtain favorable action from government for the cause it supports |
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Term
| the biggest polling failure in US history |
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Definition
The
Literary Digest poll in 1936 is considered to be the biggest polling
error in United States history. |
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Term
| what is the age requirement for a state representative? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the process of creating strangely shaped districts to favor the party in power |
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Term
|
Definition
| the presiding officer of the house of representatives |
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Term
|
Definition
| the permanent committees of congress |
|
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Term
| where does the power to impeach reside? |
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Definition
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Term
| the increased influence and power of congress over time can be traced to which two expressed powers? |
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Definition
| regulating interstate commerce and taxing |
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Term
| Members of congress may not be sued for what they say in the halls of congress. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| title of person presiding in the senate in the absence of the vice president |
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Term
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Definition
| to accuse o bring charges against government officials |
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Term
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Definition
| assistants to majority and minority leaders who keep party members informed and see that party members get to the floor for important votes. |
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Term
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Definition
| committees which meet to iron out differences between house and senate versions of the same bill |
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Term
|
Definition
| permanent congressional committees that do most of congress's work. |
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Term
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Definition
| privilege extended to members of congress to send mail without paying postage |
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Term
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Definition
| presiding officer of the house |
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Term
| why was bicameralism chosen as the principle for the united states congress? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of national reapportionment? |
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Definition
| assigning seats in the house of representatives according to changing population patterns |
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Term
| one man, one vote would tend to prevent what? |
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Definition
| a rural congressional district being drawn the same size as an urban district |
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Term
| who handles the major part of congressional business? |
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Definition
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Term
| the power of congress to declare war is |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the confirmation process allow the senate to do? |
|
Definition
| judge the abilities of the presidents appointees to the cabinet and to the supreme court |
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Term
| the biggest source of federal tax revenue |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what do members of congress not receive? |
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Definition
| a tax-free salary and expense account |
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Term
|
Definition
| the title of the presiding officer of the house |
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Term
|
Definition
| the title of the presiding officer of the senate |
|
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Term
| what is the total number of members in the house of reps? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the total number of members in the senate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are the total seats in the house of reps apportioned? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are the total seats in the senate apportioned? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the qualifications for office in the house of reps? |
|
Definition
25 yrs old
citizen for 7 yrs
resident of state |
|
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Term
| what are the qualifications for office in the senate? |
|
Definition
30 yrs old
citizen for 9 years
resident of state |
|
|
Term
| what is the length of term in office for the house of reps? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the length of term in officer for the senate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are lawmakers in the house/senate replaced due to death or resignation? |
|
Definition
| usually appointed by the state governor until a special election |
|
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Term
| how often is reapportionment done? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| all committee work is legislative in nature. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| committee chairmen are members of the majority party. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the judicial powers of congress? |
|
Definition
establish courts
impeach federal officials
make federal laws |
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Term
|
Definition
| powers given to the states that are not held by the federal government |
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Term
| who can formally introduce a bill in the house/senate |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the purpose of a congressional hearing? |
|
Definition
| gather and examine information |
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Term
|
Definition
| bills which are set aside in committee and never considered again |
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Term
|
Definition
| the tactic used int he senate to stop or delay action on a bill by the use of unlimited debate |
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Term
|
Definition
| an amendment to a bill that differs in subject matter from the bill it is attached to, often delaying action on the bill |
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Term
|
Definition
| a formal refusal by the president to sign a bill into law |
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Term
|
Definition
| an action in which the president refuses to accept or reject a bill before congress adjourns; the bill dies because congress is not in session and the president didnt sign it |
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Term
|
Definition
| a pressure group that represents a special interest group seeking to influence legislation |
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Term
|
Definition
| a two-thirds vote by both houses of congress to reject a presidential veto |
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Term
|
Definition
| a bill that gives congressional opinion or viewpoint or that requests information from the executive branch |
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Term
|
Definition
| the effort of a senator or group of senators seeking to prevent the consideration of a bill by the use of unlimited and constant debate |
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Term
|
Definition
| the number of legislators who must be present before a bill can be voted on |
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Term
|
Definition
| the senate rule that can end a filibuster |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| an information-gathering meeting held by a congressional committee or subcommittee to explore the value of a proposed bill |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do most bills originate with? |
|
Definition
| private individuals and pressure groups |
|
|
Term
| how does a member of the house introduce a bill by? |
|
Definition
| dropping the bill into the hopper |
|
|
Term
| congressional committee hearings give congress |
|
Definition
| a way of reducing the number of bills introduced each session to a manageable number |
|
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Term
| when a house committee reports out a new bill, it is placed on a calendar. the next step is to... |
|
Definition
| send it to the rules committee to establish the bills priority |
|
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Term
| where does unlimited floor debate on a bill take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| in order to record a senators vote for all to see, the vote must be |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a powerful house committee that decides the fate of thousands of bills during each session of congress |
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Term
| where can filibusters happpen? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| forces pigeonholed bills to the floor |
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Term
| ways to force the rules to send pigeonholed bills to the house floor |
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Definition
suspension of rules
unanimous consent
discharge procedure |
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Term
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Definition
presiding officer listens to the ayes and nays and then decides which side clearly has the most support
no public record |
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Term
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Definition
the presiding officer count heads when the members stand to support or oppose the bill
recorded |
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Term
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Definition
| a voice vote where each lawmakers aye or nay is recorded |
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Term
| temporary conference committee |
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Definition
| resolves the conflicts that arise between house and senate when they both pass different versions of the same billl |
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Term
| what happens when the president does not sign a bill within ten working days while congress is in sesion? |
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Definition
| it automatically becomes law |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to house when it acts as one large committee |
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Term
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Definition
| bills that deal with money |
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Term
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Definition
| a tax charged to specific goods and services |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest and most important source of federal income |
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Term
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Definition
| the government cannot levy this tax |
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Term
| who first approves appropriation bills? |
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Definition
| the house appropriations committee |
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Term
| where must appropriation bills begin? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the special conference committee which works out compromises between the house and senate appropriation bills |
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Term
| GDP gross domestic product |
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Definition
| the total value of all goods and services in one year |
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Term
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Definition
| the government's spending more money than it collects |
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Term
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Definition
| a useless project funded by congress |
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Term
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Definition
| "too many dollars chasing too few goods." |
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Term
| tariff, duty, or customs tax |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the total amount owned by a nation to its creditors |
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Term
| IRS internal revenue service |
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Definition
| the nation's tax collecting agency |
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Term
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Definition
| the total of all questionable funding and appropriations made in a legislative session. |
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Term
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Definition
| a slowdown in the national economy causing high unemployment and low production |
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Term
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Definition
| the annual government plan of income and spending |
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Term
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Definition
| a single rate tax that weighs more heavily on low income people than on the wealthy, such as a sale tax |
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Term
| a loophole in the tax laws gives |
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Definition
| corporations and individuals a way of greatly reducing their tax payments. |
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