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American Government
N/A
14
Political Studies
Undergraduate 2
09/28/2010

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Cards

Term
Civil Liberties
Definition
Freedoms guaranteed to individuals
Term
Civil Rights
Definition
Powers or privileges guaranteed to individuals and protected from arbitrary removal at the hands of government or individuals
Term
Establishment Clause
Definition
The first clause in the First Amendment, which forbids government establishment of religion
Term
Free-exercise Clause
Definition
The second clause in the First Amendment, which prevents the government from interfering with the exercise of religion
Term
Strict Scrutiny
Definition
A standard used by the Supreme Court in deciding whether a law or policy is to be adjudged constitutional. To pass strict scrutiny, the law or policy must be justified by a "compelling governmental interest," must be narrowly tailored, and must be the least restrictive means for achieving that interest.
Term
Free-expression Clauses
Definition
The press and speech clauses of the First Amendment
Term
Prior Restraint
Definition
Censorship before publication
Term
Public Figures
Definition
People who assume roles of prominence in society or thrust themselves to the forefront of public controversy
Term
Bill of Attainder
Definition
A law that pronounces an individual guilty of a crime without a trial
Term
Ex Post Facto Law
Definition
A law that declares an action to be criminal after it has been performed
Term
Obligation of Contracts
Definition
The obligation of the parties to a contract to carry out its terms
Term
Miranda Warnings
Definition
Statements concerning rights that police are required to make to a person before he or she is subjected to in-custody questioning
Term
Exclusionary Rule
Definition
The judicial rule that states that evidence obtained in an illegal search and seizure cannot be used in trial
Term
Good Faith Exception
Definition
An exception to the Supreme Court exclusionary rules, holding that evidence seized on the basis of a mistakenly issued search warrant can be introduced at trial if the mistake was made in good faith, that is, if all the parties involved had reason at the time to believe that he warrant was proper
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