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| in order for a society to be able to function and have order |
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| means through which a political unit assumes power and performs the necessary functions for the survival of a society |
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| Contributions of Ancient Greeks |
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| first democratic government, Olympics, theater, advancements in science, art, great works of literature, amazing architecture, philosophy, mathematics |
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| Contributions of Ancient Romans |
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| spread Greek ideas to everyone they conquered, gave us- latin language, legal systems, innovations in engineering and architecture |
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| Birthplace of Western Civilization |
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| Greece (thrived from 500-323 B.C.) |
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| ruled by absolute monarchs during Age of Absolutism |
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| took place during 17th and 18th centuries, believed that kings and queens had "divine rights" (meaning that it was god's wish that they rule) |
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| When James II took throne in 1688 in England and wanted to re-establish Roman Catholicism, but most of the people were protestants. They rose up to win the fight with no bloodshed and established a constitutional government |
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| political system where government is run either directly or indirectly by the people |
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| tiny country made up of a single city and the surrounding villages |
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| common people in Roman society |
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| wealthy people in Roman Society |
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government run by one person
+decisions can be made quickly
-the people are disregarded, decisions may be poorly made, no civil rights
ex- Roman Empire, Europe during Age of Absolutism |
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a government run by a few people or small group of people
+decisions can be made quickly, mostly run by most educated members of the society
-ruled by force, people's wishes are not considered in decision making
ex- city states of ancient Greece |
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government run by the people either directly or indirectly
+citizens take part in decision making, leaders understand to meet the peoples needs
-decision making takes a long time, leaders don't always do what people want
ex- the United States today |
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| government where the people directly make necessary decisions |
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| government run indirectly by the people; people elect representatives to make decisions for them |
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| has complete control over the lives of the people |
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| run by one person or a small group that holds all power and rules by force |
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| political entity which is settled by people who typically share a similar background |
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| a state of lawlessness, usually result of having no government in place |
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| the power of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of governments to block some acts by the other two branches |
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| loose association rather than a firm union of states where there is a central government but it has very little power |
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| system of government in which powers are decided between national, state, and local governments |
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| idea that government doesn't have complete power; there are certain rights they can't take from the people |
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| belief that power is in the hands of the governed |
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| government run indirectly by the people; people elect representatives to make decisions for them |
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| when constitutional authority is shared amongst different branches of government |
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| Ideas of Enlightenment era |
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| government should protect people's natural rights, checks and balances modern science and our understanding of the social world by modern science can help us improve living conditions |
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| Political theories of Enlightenment era |
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| government should protect people's natural rights to life, liberty, and their property, checks and balances, people should trust their instincts and emotions |
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| 17th century English philosopher (one of the first enlightenment thinkers) stressed rulers got their power from a contract with the people and people had right to overthrow unjust governmnet |
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| argued people shouldn't rely too much on reason and should trust their instincts |
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| 18th century french aristocrat, wrote Spirit of Laws in 1748 (compared different governments), introduced concept of checks and balances |
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| identified natural laws to explain workings of universe |
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| french scholar who organized articles explaining the new ideas of the Enlightenment in his Encylopedia |
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| most famous 18th century French Enlightenment philosopher, wrote plays, novels, and essays against social and political injustices |
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| Major grievances against King George III |
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| unfair taxation without consent, standing armies in times of peace, refused to pass necessary laws |
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| Parts of Declaration of Independence |
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| importance of life liberty and the pursuit of happiness, all men created equal and right to rebel against government, list of grievances against the king, official statement of independence |
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| in 1775, where the first battles between England and colonies took place |
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| First Continental Congress |
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| where 12 of 13 colonies met in 1774 to ask for more power from the king |
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| second continental congress |
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| met in 1775 to discuss the next move after the first battles at lexington and concord |
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| pamphlet written by Thomas Paine released in 1776 that says it makes sense to break away from England because colonies got nothing from the relationship |
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| volunteer, teacher, guide |
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| king of England during revolution |
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| wrote first draft of Declaration of Independence and was on Declaration committee |
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