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| Presidential status as an ideal vehicle for persuading public to support policies |
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| Organized political campaign portraying nominee as dangerous extremist |
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| Civil Liberties vs. Civil Rights |
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| Fundamental freedoms that preserve rights; vs. Equal treatment under the law |
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| Banned all segregation, created Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to regulate fair employment opportunities |
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| Motion to bring an end to a debate; 60 votes to pass |
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| Representatives from House/Senate who iron out 2 chamber's version of the same/similar bill |
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| Results of decisions by private individuals; vs. Legally sanctioned racial segregation |
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| Delegate Model vs. Trustee Model |
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| Way constituency wants delegate to vote; vs. Voting based on his best judgement |
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| Descriptive Representation vs. Substantive Representation |
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| How well the legislative body looks like the demographic characteristics of the constituents; vs. Policy desires of the constituents |
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| from the 5th amendment, one can not be tried more than once for the same offense |
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| 5th/14th amendment; forbids the deprivation of life, liberty, and property with the due process of law |
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| 14th amendment, no state can deny people equal protection under the law |
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| Orders given by the president, but are not constitutionally expressed |
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| Executive members can converse among themselves and need not share with congress |
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| delaying tactic where one or more senators refuse to allow a bill to e considered either through talking or some other bullshit tactic |
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| freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, petition |
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| You could vote if your grandfather could vote |
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| Unconstitutional to outlaw contraceptives for married couples |
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| Constitutional rights violated, write of Habeus Corpus, Judicial order to determine the legality |
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| Iron Triangle vs. Issue Network |
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| Agencies, interest groups, congressional committees; vs. Loose, competitive relationship between policy makers, interest groups, congress committees, gov agencies |
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| Segregation laws put into place after Reconstruction in the South |
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| Power of Supreme Court to deem if a law is constitutional or not |
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| Vetoing certain parts of the bill |
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| Living Constitution Theory |
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| Constitutional interpretation placing the meaning of the constitution in the light of US history |
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| Term gven to politicians trading favors, votes, or support for each other's proposals |
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| Supreme Court ruling in 1803 which first adopted the concept of Judicial Review |
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| Members of congress = single minded seekers to reelection: Promotes reelection because seniority means more power, better committee assignments, likely to get others to get along with you AND More responsive! BAD: MOC don't worry about common good and beholden to campaign contributors |
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| 1909 Civil Rights --> Rely on the legal strategy for their actions |
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| Interpret constitutionality based on those who wrote constitution |
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| Constitutional interpretation that determines the constitutionality of a low in light of what const. words obviously seem to say |
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| Separate but equal is constitutional |
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| President vetoes by not signing the bill after congressional adjournment |
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| special legislative benefits targeted toward the constituents of particular members of Congress |
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| Non-expressed presidential power giving him the strength to put pressure on congress |
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| Procedural hurdles that make bureaucracies slow and methodical |
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| Ruled that right to privacy was broad enough to entail at least a partial right to abortion |
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| Important and controversial legislation goes here to decide the terms and conditions of debate: how long allowed to speak, allowance of amendments, specify amendments in order |
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| The case by case interpretation by the courts of the Bill of Rights into the due process clause of th 14th amendment. Includes state cooperation |
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| informal rule that the senate will not confirm nominees within or from a state unless they have the approval of the senior senator of that state from the president's party |
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| Presiding officer of the House of Representatives; Normally the leader of the majority party |
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| "Let the decision stand" reliance on consistency with precedents or previous rulings |
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| Relatively weak due to past experience and conservative nature of Texas, freedom over equality, "citizen legislature" |
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| Created the Civil Service Commission |
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| System of government employment in which workers are hired based on party loyalty. "To the victor comes the spoils" |
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| University of California Regents vs. Bakke |
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| ruling that allowed affirmative action programs that use race as a factor, but not as a quota |
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| unprotected categories of speech |
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| Obscenity, commercial speech, and libel |
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| Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
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| Allowed blacks voting rights by stationing federal examiners in south polling places |
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| Document issued by the Supreme Court will review the decisions made by a lower court |
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| Bicameral with House consisting of 150 members in 2 year terms and a Senate with 31 members in 4 year terms, sessions are bienniel meeting for 140 days every other year. Special Sessions called by the governor for 30 days. make 7,200/year |
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