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| Atricle VI of Constitution National laws are supreme over state laws as long as they are constitutional |
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| 1st Amendment; Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion |
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| Friend of the Court letters; letters from outside interests that present a new point of view or other information in the hopes of influencing the courts decision |
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| Presidential advisors that are not mentioned in the constitution, Now includes 14 secretaries and the attorney general |
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| Actions of congressmen to help individual members of constituency. Get people what they think they deserve. |
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| Only people registered to vote beforehand are allowed to participate. |
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| A nations basic law; creates institutions, assigns or divides powers, extends guarantees to citizens |
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| Federal Election Commission |
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| 6 member bi-partisan agency created by the Federal Election Campaign Act in 1974; administers and enforces campaign laws. |
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| A way of organizing a nation so that 2 levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people. Shared power. |
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| Free use of the mail system to communicate with constituents, and machines that duplicate a member's signature in real ink. |
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| Powers of the Federal government that go beyond those in the Constitution. The Constitution states that Congress has the power to "make all laws necessary and proper for execution" the powers enumerated in Article I |
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| Those already holding office, most likely to be reelected. |
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| Organiztion with policy goals; enter the process at several points to try to achieve those goals |
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| TV the radio, newspaper and magazines, and other popular media |
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| Official endorsement of a candidate by political party. |
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| Can register the day of the primary in order to participate. |
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| People who identify with a party, not necessarily members of a party. |
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| Political Action Committee |
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| Funding vehicle created by the 1974 Federal Election Campaign Act, that says Interest groups can register with the Federal Election Commission which will monitor the groups spending. |
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| Non Verbal Communication such as flag burning, have been afforded some protection by the 1st Amendment. |
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| Parties other than the 2 main parties, Green party, etc. |
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| President may send a bill back to Congress with instructions to revise it, Congress can override the veto with a 2/3 vote. |
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| A hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle and behaves with impersonality. Bureaucracies govern many states. |
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