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| 1819 - Protected the national government from actions of the state |
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| 1824 - Only Congress possess authority to regulate Commerce |
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| Garcia vs. San Antonio Metro Transit Authority |
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| 1985 - Federal wage hours applied to state and ocal employees |
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| 1919 - The “clear and present danger” standard |
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| 1969 - “imminent lawless action” |
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| 1931 - recognized the freedom of the press by roundly rejecting prior restraints on publication |
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| Emerson v. Board of Education |
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1971 - “Lemon test”
• “secular purpose”
• The statute’s “primary effect must be one that neither advances nor inhibits religion.
• The statute must not foster “an excessive government entanglement with religion.” |
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| Board of Education v. Grumet |
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| 1994 - neutrality doctrine |
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| Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v Hialeah |
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| 1961 - (4th amendment) the Court extended the so-called exclusionary rule to the states. |
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| 1966 - (Fifth amendment) “be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.” This applies not only to testimony in a trial but also to any statement made by a defendant awaiting trial. |
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| 1969 - (fifth amendment) is a United States Supreme Court decision concerning double jeopardy. Benton ruled that the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment applies to the states. |
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| 1963 - (6th amendment) the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that state courts are required under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants who are unable to afford their own attorneys |
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| 1972 - (8th amendment) was a United States Supreme Court decision that ruled on the requirement for a degree of consistency in the application of the death penalty. The case led to a de facto moratorium on capital punishment throughout the United States, that came to an end when Gregg v. Georgia was decided in 1976. |
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1976 - (8th amendment) said Georgia’s new method for trying capital cases met the standard.
• The law separated the conviction from the sentencing stage of the trial, allowing juries to weigh the particular crime and the defendant and any mitigating or aggravating circumstances. |
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1973 - right to terminate pregnancy after conception
• Prohibits states from regulating abortion in the first trimester |
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| 1883 - Dual Citizenship (First Amendment) |
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