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| Government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals |
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| How long did suffrage last? |
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Term
| what did the missouri compromise of 1820 do? |
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Definition
| Prohibit slavery north of the boundary at 36 degrees latitude. Allows slavery to be legal in Missouri |
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| Who founded the first women's rights movement and why? |
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Definition
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott; they weren't let into the World Anti-Slavery Society in London |
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| What did the Seneca Falls Convention talk about? |
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Definition
| called for abolition of discrimination against women and slavery |
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| Court ruled that Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional; but also that slaves weren't citizens and couldn't sue |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| Executive order by Abraham Lincoln that required all slaves in the Confederacy to be released by January 1, 1863. Complete abolition occured in 1865. This was during the Civil War. |
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| Civil war amendment banning slavery and unvoluntary servitude in U.S. except as punishment for a crime; passed 1865 |
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| paved the way fro Jim Crow laws; placing denials on many legal rights of slaves who were freed in states |
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| The Civil Rights Act of 1866 |
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| extending rights to emancipated slaves; first law that Congress overrode the presidential veto |
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| Civil War Amendment guaranteeing equal protection of law to all U.S. citizens; adopted 1868 as a reconstruction amendment; contains Citizenship Clause, Due Process Clause, Equal Protection Clause; overruled the Dred Scott v Sandford case that said that slaves weren't citizens |
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| Holds that government cannot be unfair to people and cannot abuse physically; government has to respect the legal rights of a person under the Constitution; started with Allgeyer v. Louisiana |
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States cannot prohibit citizens from contracting insurance out of state for acts performed outside of the state; States may not prohibit citizens from contracting out-of-state insurance by written communication, even if the property to be insured is within the state; this starts the 14th Amendment
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| On 14th Amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive equal protection; this said nothing about women; Plessy v Ferguson |
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| Laws by southern states that placed restrictions and regulations on blacks that required segregation in public accommodations |
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| Guaranteed that everyone had to receive the same treatment in public accommodations; is said to be unconstitutional because under the 14th Amendment, it prohibits the state to be discriminatory but not individuals. |
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| Civil Rights Cases of 1883 |
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Definition
| 5 cases dealing with Civil Rights Act of 1875 that proved that the Act was unconstitutional because they could not stop discrimination in private acts, but in state or governmental action |
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| a tax that had to be paid before voters could cast ballot |
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| allowed only those citizens whose grandfathers had voted when they failed a wealth or literacy test; denied descendents of slaves; this is to get poor whites' votes |
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| (1896) Supreme court case challenging a Louisiana statute requiring separate-but-equal accommodations for traveling on trains. Louisiana won case. Violated 14th Amendment equal protection clause |
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| Who started the NAACP? and what does it stand for? |
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Definition
| Oswald Garrison Villard and William Lloyd Garrison's grandson; the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
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| What did Susan B. Anthony lead? what does it stand for? |
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Definition
| NAWSA; National American Women Suffrage Association |
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Term
| suffrage movement; how long did it last? |
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Definition
| drive for voting rights for women (1890 to 1920) |
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Definition
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| What did Lloyed Gaines do? |
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Definition
| appeal to the Supreme Court to be allowed to attend all-white University of Missouri Law School; courts give Missouri 6 months to admit students or build new equal school |
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| someone who volunteers to offer information to assist courts in a legal matter |
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| Brown v. Board of Education |
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Definition
| 1955; U.S. Supreme Court decision going against separate but equal law in schools; violate 14th amendment that says Equal Protection Clause; "racial discrimination on public education is unconstitutional; |
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| Legal Defense and Education Fund |
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| Civil War Amendment guaranteeing newly freed slaves the right to vote; did not mention women |
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| equality of rights under law not denied because of sex; this was not ratified into the Constitution because the courts said that the 14th Amendment dealt with this |
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Term
| Brown v. Board of Education II |
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Definition
| 1955; schools had to desegregate "with all deliberate speed" |
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Definition
| 1958; asked federal district court for 2.5 years to desegregate |
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| What was launched by Martin Luther King? |
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Definition
| The Southern Christian Leadership Conference SCLC |
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Term
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Definition
| outlawed voting discrimination, banned discrimination in public accommodations, desegregated public schools, withheld funds from discriminatory state and local programs, prohibits discrimination in employment because of race, creed, color, religion, national origin, or sex, created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
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Definition
| triggers highest attention from Supreme Court to determine the validity of a practice; 15th Amendment ; about race |
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| A heightened standard of review used by Supreme Court to determine the validity of a practice; fundamental freedoms like speech, religion, assembly, press, classification, race |
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| 1971; Idaho case; equal protection under 14th amendment; state favored male parents over females; court ruled unreasonable classification based on sex |
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| Legislation that requires both men and women to be payed equally |
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| 2003; reversed earlier sodomy laws to be unconstitutional; violated privacy of 14th Amendment due process clause |
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| 1976; A law by Oklahoma that held different drinking ages for women and men; violated the 14th amendment Equal Protection Clause |
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| 1996; Colorado state constitutional amendment denying equal rights to homosexuals is unconstitutional; Court ruled amendment to Colorado Constitution denying homosexuals right to seek protection from discrimination was unconstitutional under equal protection of 14 amendment |
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Term
| Title 7 of Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
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Definition
| Prohibits gender discrimination by employers |
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Term
| Title 9 of Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
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Definition
| Provisions of the Education Amendments of 1972 that bars educational institutions receiving federal funds from discriminating against female students |
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Definition
| 1929; League of United Latin American Citizens |
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Term
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Definition
| 1954; Mexican Americans were entitled to a jury that included other Mexican Americans |
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Term
| What did the National Council of La Raza do? |
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Definition
| In 1968, they included tactics drawn from black civil rights movements |
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Term
| What does MALDEF stand for and what did it do? |
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Definition
| Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund; worked to secure $2.2 million grant to force school disctricts to allocate funds to schools with low income minority, to implement bilingual education programs, force employment of Latinos, challenge Latino voting powers |
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Term
| San Antonio Independent School District v Rodriguez |
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Definition
| 1973; Court refused to find Texas funding law for schools unconstitutional |
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Definition
| 2006; challenging a redistricting plan created to limit Latino representation in Texas, U.S. court disagreed |
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Term
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
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Definition
| passed by Continental Congress saying of respect for all American Indians of land, liberty, property |
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Definition
| 1887; government switched policies to promote assimilation by giving each Indian family land that decreased their land, and encourages Indian children to go to boarding schools that discontinued native languages and rituals |
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Term
| What is the NARF and what do they do? |
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Definition
| 1970; Native Aermican Rights Fund; sued for lands to be reclaimed |
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Term
| What happened in Wounded Knee, South Dakota? |
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Definition
| 1973; American Indian movement where in 1890, 150 Indians were wounded by U. S. army |
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| 1882; redid the free migration law from China to Restrict immigration of any identifiable nationality; Mirrored Jim Crow laws |
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| 1886; Court found that it was a violation of the 14th Amendment of Equal Protedtion Clause to prevent cleaners from operating in wooden buildings knowig that Asians were operating them |
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| 1944;Concentration camps held 130,000 Japanese, Italian, German, and Jewish refugees in response to Pearl Harbor in 1941 |
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| 1988; apologized to interned Asians, Italians, German, Jewish , and offered reparations to families |
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Term
| What does the ADA stand for and do? |
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Definition
| Americans with Disabilities Act; guarantees access to public facilities, employment, and communication services to disabled persons; requires employers to adjust work schedules |
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Term
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Definition
| Court ruled that disabled persons could sue states that failed to make accommodations |
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| What does the AAPD stand for and what does it do? |
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Definition
| American Association of People with Disabilities; lobbying for expanded civil rights for disabled persons |
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Definition
| policies designed to give special attention or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group as unconstintutional |
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Definition
| 1987; McClesky robbed and killed a white man; courts ruled for him to have a death penalty, and Georgia's court system seemed to give all blacks the death penalty; giving McClesky the death penalty was supported; this is one case in which the Justice changed his mind |
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| 1991; limited how many appeals to those on death row |
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Definition
| ordered immediate admission of plaintiffs (Brown v Board) to schools only attended by whites |
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Definition
| 1960; redefining the boundaries of the City of Tuskegee in order to prevent blacks from voting in their state district. |
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Term
| Why is Act 140 in Tuskegee unconstitutional? |
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Definition
| because it alters the shape of Tuskegee from a square to 28 sides to violate 14th Amendments, denying voting for all blacks except 4 or 5 and no whites |
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Term
| Crawford Et Al. v Marion County Election Board Et. Al. |
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Definition
| 2008; Court ruled that having to provide a voter's id is placing a burden and discriminatory against and on those who are poor, elder, disabled; law goes against 14 amendment and is not necesary to avoid election fraud |
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Term
| Why is the SEA 483 seen as unnecessary to avoid electoral fraud? |
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Definition
| Becasue the Indiana Criminal Code already protects against voter fraud |
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Term
| Harper v. Virginia Bd. of Elections |
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Definition
| 1966; held that Virginia could not place a payment of voters on elections; violates 14 amendment Equal Protection Claus |
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Term
| National Voter Registration Act of 1993 |
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Definition
| Congress established procedures that would increase number of registerd voters and protect integrity of electoral process |
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Term
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Definition
| requirement by every state to create a computerized list of registered voters; voters can use ID, or SSN number |
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| 1803; first time Court declared a law unconstitutional; established the concept of judiciary review |
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Term
| Establishment Clause/ Free Exercise Clause |
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Definition
| protected by 1st and 14th Amendment; no law for religion or against |
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Definition
| 1962; said that state officials cannot impose a school prayer or require its recitation in schools |
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| signed by 101 members of Congress from 11 southern states that said the supreme court had no right in interfering with reserved powers |
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| de facto dual school system |
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Definition
| students assigned to schools on basis of neighborhood |
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Term
| Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Board of Education |
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Definition
| 1971; courts made unitary school systems based on races within teachers and students; held that court could order busing of kids within limits of district |
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Term
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Definition
| 1974; court ordered detroit busing plan to link school districts of blacks and whites was not under Equal Protection Clause |
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| 1964; one-man-one-vote in elections |
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| 1946; legislatures had final authority to draw electoral districts |
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| Right to Privacy; reservation of powers to the people that encompass' a woman's decision to terminate pregnancy |
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Definition
| 1973; procedural requirements contained in one of the modern abortion statutes are considered |
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Definition
| 1965; Connecticut birth control law was unconstitutional; Protected by 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 9th amendments |
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Definition
| 1967; ended all race based legal restrictions on marriage |
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Definition
| 1972; Court ruled that contraceptives being withheld from married couples in Massachusetts was unconstitutional |
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Term
| Pierce v Society of Sisters |
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Definition
| 1925; the fight to send a child to private school |
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Definition
| right to teach a foreign language |
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Definition
| violation of 4th Amendment; wiretapping phone without a warrant |
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Definition
| violation of 14th Amendment due process law; Lochner wanted to work more than 60 per week, yet a new York law tried to prevent him |
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Term
| What does the LDF stand for and who headed it? |
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Definition
| Thurgood Marshal; NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund |
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