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| politicial who lowered voting age to 18 |
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| theory designed to increase a nation's wealth through the deveelpment of commercial industry and balance of trade |
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| placed a tax on sugar, wine, coffee by Parliament to gain money to pay for war |
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| meeting in New York where 9 of 13 colonies drafted a document ot the King of their violations |
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Term
| When, where, and how many attended the first Continental Congress meet? |
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Definition
| In Philadelphia with 56 delegates in 1774 |
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| What happened during the Second Continental Congress? |
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Definition
| In 1775, 16,000 British soldiers attacked Boston and 8 minutemen died |
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| Colonist ask King to end hostility; King rejects and sends 20,000 more troops |
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| Thomas Paine and Benjamin Franklin |
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Term
| Who drafted the Declaration of Independence, and when, and what did it include? |
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| Thomas Jefferson, in 1776, proclaiming right of American colonies to separate from Britain. It said that all men are equal with life, liberty, and property, and when government takes this away, the people have a right to abolish and entact a new government |
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Term
| Articles of Confederation; when was it ratified, what did it do? |
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Definition
| Compact among 13 colonies that created a loose league of friendships with national government drawing powers from states; ratified in 1781; only provided for national defense |
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| What did the Articles of Confederation specifically do? (5 ideals) |
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Definition
| 1 empowered Congress to make peace, 2 coin money, 3 appoint officers for army, 4 control post office, 5 negotiate with Indian tribes |
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Term
| What were the problems under the Articles of Confederation? |
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Definition
| Little agreement of policies between states, Congress had no power to tax or regulate trade or revenue, Articles couldn't solve economic or boundary conflicts because it had no executive or judiciary branches |
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Term
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| document establishing the structure, functions, and limitations of a government |
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| 1st general plan for Constitution that created a powerful central government with 3 branches; bicameral legislature, and a legislature with the power to select the executive and judiciary |
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| smaller states wanted to strengthen articles, create 1 house legislature, give congress ability to raise revenue, supreme court with members appointed for life |
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| final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a 2 house legislature with the lower house; house and senate; made national law supreme |
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Term
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Definition
| agreement reached at Constitutional Convention that each slave was worth 3/5 of a person for determining the population for House of reps |
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Term
| What are the checks and balances of the Legislative Branch under the Constitution? |
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Definition
| Impeach president, reject legislation or funding the presidnet wants, refuse to confirm nominees or approve treaties, override president's veto by 2/3 vote, change the number of jurisdiction of federal courts, impeach federal judges, propose constitutional amendments to override judicial decisions |
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Term
| What are the checks and balances of the Executive Branch under the Constitution? |
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Definition
| Veto legislation, call congress into special session, implement or fail to implement laws passed by Congress, appoint federal judges, refuse to implement decisions |
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Term
| What are the checks and balances of the judiciary branch under the Constitution? |
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Definition
| declare executive branch actions unconstitutional, chief justice presides over impeachment trial, rule federal and state laws unconstitutional |
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Term
| necessary and proper clause/ elastic clause |
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Definition
| Article 1; section 8; gives Congress authority to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out the enumerated powers in Constitution |
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Term
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Definition
| powers derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause, not stated specifically |
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Term
| What does the president have to do to report to Congress? |
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Definition
| Give a "State of the Union" address |
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Term
| full faith and credit clause |
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Definition
| Article 4; ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state; honors laws of other states |
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| How amendments can be added to the Constitution |
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| article 6; mandating that national law is supreme |
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| specifies that no religious test shall be required for holding offices |
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| procedures for ratification; 9 of 13 states would have to agree |
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| What did Federalists stand for? |
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Definition
| a strong national government |
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Term
| How many essays did the Federalist Papers have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the Federalist papers include? |
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Definition
| It highlighted the reasons for the structure of the new government and its benefits. |
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| Who wrote the federalist papers? |
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Definition
| Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay |
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Term
| What did Federalist No. 10 argue? |
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Definition
| It informed the reason behind not having a bill of rights; That the effects of a national government would minimize unscrupulous politicians |
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Term
| What did Federalist No.51 argue? |
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Definition
| that the proposed federal government's separation of powers would prohibit any branch from dominating |
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Term
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Definition
| first 10 amendments to the Constitution guaranteeing rights and liberties |
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Term
| How can the US Constitution be amended? |
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Definition
| proposal by a vote of 2/3 of the members in both houses in Congress or a vote of 2/3 of state legislatures requestion a national convention to propose amendments and then ratified by 3/4 of the states or by conventions in 3/4 of states |
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