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| A form of federalism that emphasizes cooperation btw the national government and that states to achieve policy goals set by the national government. |
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| restoration to the states of some of the autonomy and power which they lost to the federal government as a consequence of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal and federal civil rights laws of the 1960s. |
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| Section 1 of the 14th amendment which declares that no state "... shall... deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law..." Also found in the 5th Amendment to the constitution. |
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| a law that imposes a penalty for performing an act that was not considered criminal when it was committed or that increases the punishment for a crime after it has been committed such laws are prohibited by the constitution. |
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| the authority of a trial court of hear near a case "in the first instance." |
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| Interstate Commerce Clause |
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| Article IV, Section 2 of the constitution, which provides that an individual who is charged with a crime in one state and is found in another state must be returned to the state with jurisdiction over the crime. |
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| part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, provides that "no state shall ... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws" |
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| Powers given to Congress in the necessary and proper clause of Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution that enable the federal government to carry out its delegated powers by any constitutional means. |
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| agreement between two or more states of the United States of America. Article I, Section 10 of the United States Constitution provides that "no state shall enter into an agreement or compact with another state" without the consent of Congress. |
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| Full Faith and Credit Clause |
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| A provision of Article IV, Section 1 of the constitution that requires states to honor the final civil rulings of other states. |
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| Interstate Rendition Clause |
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| refers to a provision in Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2, provides for the extradition of a criminal back to the state where he or she has committed a crime. |
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| official appointed as the administrative manager of a city, in a council-manager form of city government. |
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| term used in the U.S. state of California for a city which has a contract with another agency or private organization for various governmental services. |
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| difference between federal and centralized systems of government, and give examples of each |
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| distinctions between express and implied powers, reserved powers, and concurrent powers |
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| importance of the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution |
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| influence of the Supreme Court on the development of federalism |
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| reasons why federal grants-in-aid to the states have been politically popular, and discuss their problems. |
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| Distinguish between categorical grants and block grants |
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| Trace the shifting balance of power between the national and state governments in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries |
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| discuss the effect of devolution on relationships between the national and state governments |
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| advantages and disadvantages of the federal system |
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| impact upon American federalism of 9/11 and the continuing war against terrorism |
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