El Cerro de Chimayo, NM

1960's planned in early 18th Century

Defensive walls, ceremonial central plaza. 

Centralized ideology

Plan of New Haven, Connecticut

James Wadsworth

1748

Grid system. Church in middle square and green pasture land.

Straightness and right angles were good and orderly, and godly. Biblical preceps. (New Jeruselum)

Perfectly square, outer squares private property, 

The Town of Boston in New England

Francis Dewing

1722

Organic. Also found in New York (New Amsterdam). Parrellels the rivers and natural curves of the land. 

John Freake

The Freake-Gibbs Painter

1671-4

NeoMedevial Style. Textures emphasize, 2-dimensional.

Merchant, to show wealth and link the family back to the high society of England. 

Mrs. Freake and Baby Mary

The Freake-Gibbs Painters

1671-4

Baby added later, to show heritage. Paired portraits - seperate but meant to hang next to each other. 

Shows puritan uprightness by the rigidity of the child.

Portraits have no resale value.

The Mason Children: David, Joanna, and Abigail

The Freake-Gibbs Painter

1670

Again to trace heirs. David is breached, meaning the start of training as a man of 8.

Age of children writen on the canvas flattens it.  Rigidity again shows puritan values.

Self Portrait

Captain Thomas Smith

1680

Attempt at introducing 3-dimensionality in face, lace collar, fold in letter over table.

Issue with horizon line in window in background.

Reminder of mortality with will and skull, one of the 1st self portraits done in the colonies.

Portrait of Edward Winslow

School of Robert Walker (attributed)

1651

In contrast to the Freake-Gibbs paintings, this one has more realism - Anglo-Dutch style.

Governor, trying to rise up in society from working class.

Cunning, wants to be depcited as a kind and cunning gentleman.

Santero - anonymous artisans produced images of saints for domestic and communal use.

Bulto - figure of th saints, carved in wood and produced throughout the catholic cultures of the southwest.

Retablo - usually a religous image of a saint, typically painted on wood panel, either separate or part of a larger ensemble. 

Retablo in Church of San Jose, Laguna Pueblo

1800-1809

Triune Trinity - from medieval period but fallen out of use in Renaissance. All same, where as everyone else had three separate trinities.

Castillo de San Marcos, St Augustine, FL

1672-87

based on renaissance designs made with coquina mixture of shells and sand compressed). Indian laborers added to the population and spurred development. 

Meeting House, Hingham, MA

1681

Designed as social and civic place and house of worship. Puritan idea that god could be experienced in any setting (no need for steeples and crosses). 

Did its best to look ordinary.

St. Luke's Church (Newport Parish) VA

1632/1685

Could be mistaken for a small medieval church in England. Gothic-style windown/altar table. 

Also began to mimick the Spanish churches beginning to rise of the other side of the continent.

John Ward House, Salem, MA

1684

Steep gables, and decorative chimney (sometimes false chimneys to seem more wealthy). 

Second-story overhang or jutt charateristic of New England homes.

Ground floor as a hall and a parlor 

Upstairs beds and textiles.

Shared quarters were not minded, and extra money went to liverstock and land rather than home improvements.

Fairbanks House, Dedham, MA

1636, 1654, before 1668

lean-to - fireplaceless back room with a shed roof reaching almost ot the ground. 

houselets - one room on sides of house with dormer room above. (for married sons)

Girt - cross section to provide suppport

Gambrel roof - one slope shallow, the other steep.

Stayed in the family until this day, additions added depending on families social scale.