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| the power to declare congressional (and presidential) acts invalid because they violate the constitution |
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| court cases involving a crime, or violation of public order |
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| court cases that involve a private dispute arising from such matters as accidents, contractual obligations, and divorce |
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| a defendants admission of guilt in exchange for a less severe punishment |
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| common law (judge made law) |
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| legal precedents derived from previous judicial decisions |
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| courts within the second tier of the three tiered federal court system, to which decisions of the district courts and federal agencies may be appealed for review |
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| Courts within the second tier of the three-tiered federal court system, to which decisions of the district courts and federal agencies may be appealed for review |
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| a judicial ruling that serves as the basis for the ruling in a subsequent case |
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| literally "let the decision stand" decision making according to precedent |
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| the authority of a court to hear a case before any other court does |
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| the authority of a court to hear cases that have been tried, decided, or reexamined in other courts |
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| an issue covered by the US Constitution, national laws, or US treaties |
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| an unwritten rule that requires at least four justices to agree that a case warrants consideration before it is reviewed by the US Supreme Court |
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| the third highest official of the US Department of Justice, and the one who represents the national government before the supreme court |
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| a brief filed (with permission by the court) by an individual or group that is not a party to a legal action but has an interest in it |
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| a judicial philosophy by which judges tend to defer to decisions of the elected branches of government |
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| a judicial philosophy by which judges tend not to defer to decisions of the elected branches of government, resulting in the invalidation or emasculation of those decisions |
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| the judicial decision in a court case |
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| the heart of a judicial opinion; its logical content separated from facts, rhetoric, and procedure |
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| the agreement of a judge with the Supreme Court's majority decision, for a reason other than the majority reason |
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| the disagreement of a judge with a majority decision |
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| a norm under which a nomination must be acceptable to the home state senator form the presidents party |
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| a procedure by which similarly situated litigants may be heard in a single lawsuit |
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