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Amanda Ronquillo page 87 and 100
5.1 5.2
25
Biology
12th Grade
10/19/2011

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Term
photosynthesis (2)
Definition
energy source- light
raw material- hydrogen sulfide
by-products- sulfur or sulfate
major group- purple and green bacteria group

Does produce organic carbon, light captured by bacteriochlorophyll
Term
Photosynthesis (1)
Definition
energy source- light
raw materials- carbon dioxide, water
by-products- oxygen
major group- cyanobacteria

Does produce organic carbon, light captured by chlorophyll
Term
Chemosynthesis
sulfur oxidation
Definition
energy source- hydrogen sulfide
raw materials- oxygen
by-products-sulfate
major group- sulfur-oxideizing bacteria

does produce organic carbon, bacteria in wetland sediments, mudflats, deep-sea hydrothermal vents
Term
Chemosynthesis
aerobic ammonium oxidation
Definition
energy source- ammonium
raw materials- oxygen
by-products- nitrite
major group- nitrifying bacteria and archea
Term
Chemosynthesis
nitrite oxidation
Definition
energy source- nitrite
%0
Term
Aerobic respiration
Definition
energy source- organic matter
raw materials- oxygen
by-products- carbon dioxide, water
major groups- heterotrophic, aerboic bacteria and archea; decay bacteria and archea

does NOT produce organic carbon, organic matter broken down using oxygen to release energy
Term
Chemosynthesis
iron oxidation
Definition
energy source-reduced iron
raw materials- oxygen
by-product- oxidized iron
major groups- iron- oxidizing bacteria

produces organic carbon, bacteria in sediments, deep-sea hydrothermal vents
Term
Anaerobic respiration
sulfate reduction
Definition
energy source- organic matter
raw materials- sulfate
by-products- hydrogen sulfide
major groups- sulfate-reducing bacteria and archea

does NOT produce organic carbon, organic matter broek down in the absence of oxygen to release energy; less efficient than aerobic respiration (all anaerobic respiration)
Term
Anaerobic respiration
nitrate reduction, dentrification
Definition
energy source- organic matter
raw materials- nitrate, nitrite
by-products- nitrogen gas, ammonia
major groups- denitrifying bacteria

does not produce organic carbon
Term
Anaerobic respiration
Methanogesis
Definition
energy source- organic matter
raw materials- hyrdrogen, carbon dioxide
by-products- methane
major groups- methanogens

does not produce organic carbon, archaea in many environments
Term
Nitrogen fixation
Definition
energy source- ATP
raw materials- nitrogen gas
by-products- ammonium
major groups- anammox bacteria and archea

does not produce organic carbon, ammonium and other compounds produced from ammonium can be used as nutrients by primary producers
Term
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation
(anammox reaction)
Definition
energy source- ammonium
raw materials- nitrate
by-products- nitrogen gas
major groups- anammox bacteria and archea

does not produce organic carbon, ammonium converted to nitrogen in the absence of oxygen to release energy
Term
Light- mediated
ATP synthesis
Definition
energy source- light
raw materials-
by-products- ATP
major groups- atchaeum in highly saline pools

does not produce organic carbon
light captured by bacteriorhodopsin
Term
Group- viruses
Definition
distinguishing features: non-cellular, parasites of all organisms
photosynthetic pigments: none
major food reserves: none
major cell-wall components: capsid of protein or lipids
significance: infect all marine organisms, release disolved organic matter from destroyed cells
Term
Group- Bacteria
Definition
distinguishing features: prokaryotic unicellular
photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll, phycolbilins, carotenoids, bacteriochlorophyll
major food reserves: variety of types
major cell-wall components: cell wall containing muramic acid
significance: essential role in nutrient cycles
Term
Group- Archea
Definition
distinguishing features: prokaryotic, unicellular
photosynthetic pigments: bacteriorhodopsin
major food reserves: variety of types
major cell-wall components: made up of compounds but no muramic acid
significance: autotrophs and heterotrophs, nitrogen fixers
Term
Group- Diatoms
Definition
distinguishing features: eukaryotic, unicellular, some form chains
photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll
major food reserves: chrysolaminarin
major cell-wall components: secretes silica
significance: primary producers
Term
Group- Dinoflagellates
Definition
distinguishing features: eukaryotic, unicellular, two flagella, planktonic
photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll
major food reserves: starch, oil
major cell-wall components:
significance:
Term
Group- silicoflagellates
Definition
distinguishing features: eukaryotic, unicellular, one ot two flagella, planktonic
photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll
major food reserves: starch
major cell-wall components:
significance:
Term
Group- coccolithophorids
Definition
distinguishing features: eukaryotic, unicellular, one or two flagella, planktonic
photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll
major food reserves: starch
major cell-wall components:
significance:
Term
Group- Cryptophytes
Definition
distinguishing features: eukaryotic, unicellular, bottom-dwelling and planktonic
photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll
major food reserves: variety of types
major cell-wall components:
significance:
Term
Group- Foraminiferans
Definition
distinguishing features: eukaryotic, unicellular
photosynthetic pigments: none
major food reserves: variety
major cell-wall components:
significance:
Term
Group- Radiolarians
Definition
distinguishing features: eukaryotic, unicellular, planktonic and bottom- dwelling
photosynthetic pigments: none
major food reserves: variety
major cell-wall components:
significance:
Term
Group- Ciliates
Definition
distinguishing features: eukaryotic, unicellular
photosynthetic pigments: none
major food reserves: variety
major cell-wall components:
significance:
Term
Group- Fungi
Definition
distinguishing features: eukaryotic, unicellular, bottom-dwelling
photosynthetic pigments: none
major food reserves: variety
major cell-wall components:
significance:
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