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| Personal freedoms of individuals that are protected from gov't intrusion |
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| Freedoms listed in first 10 amendments to US Constitution |
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| Process of applying some of the rights in the Bill of Rights to the states through the due process clause of the 14th Amendment |
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| 1st Amendment provision intended to protect the practice of one's religion free from gov't interference |
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| 1st Amendment prohibition against gov't's establishment of a national religion |
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| 3-part test for est. clause cases that a law must pass before it's declared constitutional: must have a secular purpose; must neither advance nor inhibit religion; must not cause excessive entanglement w/religion |
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| clear and present danger test |
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| Free speech test that only prohibits speech that produces a clear and immediate danger |
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| Free speech test that prohibits speech that could produce a bad outcome, such as violence, no matter how unlikely the possibility the speech could be the cause of such an outcome |
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| Actions meant to convey a political message |
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| Current judicial test for obscenity cases that considers community standards, whether the material is patently offensive, and whether the material taken as a whole lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. |
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| Written statements that are false and injure another's reputation |
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| Standard requiring public officials & public figures in defamation suits to prove that allegedly libelous or slanderous statements are both false & made with malice |
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| Prejudicial & hostile statements toward another person's innate characteristics such as race and ethnicity |
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| A practice that would allow the gov't to censor a publication before anyone could read or review it |
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| Practical and nontechnical calculation of probabilities that is the basis for securing search warrants |
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| Judicial barring of illegally seized evidence from a trial |
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| The warning police must administer to suspects so that the latter will be aware of their right not to incriminate themselves. Include the right to remain silent, to know statements will be used against them, and the right to have an attorney for the interrogation. |
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| Upheld death penalty in the US |
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| Legalized abortions in the US during first two trimesters of a pregnancy |
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| Practice by which a group deliberately brings a case to court in order to secure a judicial ruling on a constitutional issue |
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| Legal briefs filed by organized groups to influence the decision in a Supreme Court case |
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| Oral statements that are false and injure another's reputation. |
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