Term
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Definition
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Term
| chronic, caused by underlying neurologic condition |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hypoglycemia, medications, infections, renal disease, B12 deficiencies, dehydration |
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Term
| most common type of dementia |
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Definition
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Term
| hypotheses for pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease |
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Definition
| neuritic plaques of beta-amyloid protein; neurofibrillary tangles; cholinergic; other neurotransmitters |
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Term
| neuritic plaques of beta-amyloid protein |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| found in hippocampus and cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| widespread cell dysfunction or death results in variety of neurotransmitter deficits |
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Term
| other neurotransmitters (pathophys of AD) |
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Definition
| Glutamate- if it remains in synapse for a long time destroys the nerve cells |
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Term
| used for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease |
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Definition
| any cholinesterase inhibitor |
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Term
| used for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Antipsychotics for agitation or psychosis |
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Definition
| atypical agents may be better tolerated than traditional agents |
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Term
| have greater affinity for acetylcholinesterase in CNS, less affinity for butylcholinesterase that is in the periphery (CIs) |
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Definition
| Aricept (donepezil), Razadyne (galantamine), Exelon (rivastigmine) |
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Term
| indicated for moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease; has NMDA receptor antagonist activity (low affinity) |
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Definition
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Term
| normal levels are required for memory and learning; excessive levels found in Alzheimer's disease may lead to cell damage |
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Definition
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Term
| theory: prevent further damage to neuronal cells from excessive glutamate |
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Definition
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Term
| NMDA antagonists blocking excessive glutamate: |
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Definition
| has not been clearly proven to be neuroprotective; may increase acetylchoine when combined with ACHe-i |
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Term
| most common side effect is N/V, diarrhea; potentially more serious are bradycardian ad cholinergic induced bronchoconstriction |
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Definition
| Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors |
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Term
| statistically better than donepezil alone post hoc subgroups in 6 month RCT |
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Definition
| combo therapy in moderate to severe AD |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| may have earlier onset; behavioral issues may be seen before memory; may respond to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors |
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Term
| Dementia with Lewy Bodies |
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Definition
| Presents like Parkinson's Disease with Dementia; movement disorder occurs within a year of memory issues; unusual med response |
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Term
| Dementia with Lewy Bodies: med response |
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Definition
| patients respond well to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; may or may not respond to dopaminergic meds; often highly sensitie to neuroleptis (D2 receptor blockers)-- fatal reaction, possible benefit from low-dose atypicals |
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Term
| Reversible causes of dementia |
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Definition
| normal-pressure hydrocephalus; thyroid dyfunction; B12 deficiency; depression |
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Term
| Behavioral problems of dementia |
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Definition
| delusions, hallucinations, repetitive activities, sleep disturbances, and mood changes precipitate: agitation, physical aggression, psychosis and wandering |
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Term
| possible pharmacological txt for behavioral problems of dementia (good results with nonpharmacological txt) |
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Definition
| slight improvements with cholinesterase inhibitor and memantine |
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