Term
| There are only 2 ways to improve your immune system, what are they? |
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Definition
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Term
Excessive and/or Inappropriate activation of the immune response
*the body is damaged by the immune response, rather than by the antigen itself! |
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Definition
| Hypersensitivity/Autoimmune |
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Term
This is commonly called "allergic reactions"
*Local or Anaphylactic
*Aquired or genetic
-rhinitis(hay fever)
-bronchial asthma
-Life-threatening anaphylaxis |
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Definition
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Term
| In Type 1 Hypersensitivity, its all about the.. |
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Definition
| Mast Cell Degranulation "breaks down" |
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Term
| Explain Mast Cell Degranulation |
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Definition
*Histamine is released*
causing
-Vasodilation
-Bronchoconstriction
-Vascular permeability
-itching, increased mucus prodection
**DECREASED BP, SOB,edema**
-infammatory mediators |
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Term
| This is a huge, systemic response to the inflammatory mediators released in Type 1 hypersensitivity, what is it?? |
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Definition
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Term
Anaphylaxis:
What's it release?
What's it cause? |
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Definition
-histamine,kinis,leokotrienes,prostagalinins, which cause = Vasodilation
-kinins,leukotrienes,prostaglandins, which cause
=Bronchoconstriction |
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Term
| What happens when arterioles vasodilate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What will happen when the bronchioles constrict? |
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Definition
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Term
*Failure to recognize self (MHC 1)
*Immune system attacks & destroys body tissues
*Anti-tissue antibodies appear in the blood (antibodies against ourselves!)
What this known as? |
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Definition
Autoimmune Diseases
(Hypersensitivity types 2,3,4) |
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Term
What is the MHC
(Major Histocompatibility Complex) |
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Definition
-Its the failure to recognize self
-the "self identifiers" on cells are defective
(as in the case of autoimmune diseases) |
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Term
*known as the antibody mediated hypersensitvity
*create antibodies against self
*antibody attachment blocks normal cell function
*complement & neutrophils can assist this process |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the mechanisms of Type 2 Hypersensitivity |
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Definition
1. Antigens attach to the cell membrane
2. Immunoglobulins attach to the antigens(directly causing cell lysis)
3. Compliment system is activated(causing cell lysis & WBC's to attract & engulf the cell) |
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Term
| What is Myasthenia Gravis? |
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Definition
It's a Type 2 Hypersensitivity (cell mediated)
the patient makes antibodies that bind to the acetylcholine receptor, preventing acetylcholine from binding and doing its job; the end result is muscle weakness. |
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Term
*Occurs when there is little antibody and an excess of antigen.
*circulating immune complexes deposit in tissue, instead of breaking up they clump together.
*causes tissue damage
What is this known as??? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the Mechanisms of Type 3 Hypersensitivity |
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Definition
*the immune complexes deposit in tissue
*activates the complement system
*tissue is damaged |
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Term
Glomerulonephritis &
Lupus
are examples of what type of hypersensitivity? |
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Definition
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Term
The type of hypersensitivity known as the "weird one"
*Cell mediated cytotoxicity
-abnormal sensitized T-cells attack tissue antigens
-often occurs after a viral illness
*Direct killing of all viral-infected cells
-some viral infs are harmless ex: some forms of Hep, the T-cells destroy liver cells that are infected w/the harmless virus
*Delayed-type hypersensitivity ex: contact dermatitis (latex) |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the Mechanisms of Type 4 Hypersensitivity |
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Definition
-T-cells become sensitized to allergens
-they overreact
-act irrationally |
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Term
Tx for Hypersensitivity & Autoimmune
can lead to..(3 things) |
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Definition
*Immunosuppression =leaves pt vulnerable,alters normal metabolic processes
*Anti-Inflammatory = GI problems & Anticoagulant(all or most have these side effects)
*Anti-Histamine = (because histamine is the problem!) prevents effects of allergic mediators
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Term
| Name 2 types of Immunodeficiency |
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Definition
*Primary (congenital-inherited)
-Bcell, Tcell & Ig deficiencies (SCID) severe combined immunodeficiency
*Aquired
-AIDS
-HIV |
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Term
This is a virus transmitted by body fluids
-sex
-breast milk
-blood to blood |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*virus attaches to the CD4 receptors on the T-cells and enters the cell
*CD4 cells are the "Master controller of the immune response"
*Reverse Transcriptase converts RNA to DNA
*the new DNA produces virons
*these virons are released |
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Term
| Describe the course of HIV Infection |
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Definition
*Primary inf phase
-Signs of systemic inf
-person might think they just have a sore throat,fever, GI problems.
-within 4 weeks, lasts 7-10days
-If dx at this time tx can begin tx right away reducing the # of long living infected cells
*Seroconversion
-immune system responds & antibodies against the HIV inf appear (1-6 months)
*however,can't really be dx until 6 months after infected* |
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Term
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Definition
*Latent period
-virus is replicating, CD4 count falls
-usually happens very slowly in healthy people
-can last 10 yrs or longer
*Overt AIDS
-CD4 count falls below 200/cells/ul
-or you develop an AIDs defining illness |
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Term
| What are AIDs-defining illness? |
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Definition
*Opportunistic Infections
-resp
-GI
-nervous system
*AIDs dementia complex
*Malignancies
*Wasting Syndrome(the loss of 10% of body weight d/t diarrhea) |
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Term
| What is the common drug therapy for HIV? |
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Definition
*HIV fusion inhibitors
-block entry of HIV into CD4 cells
*Reverse Transciptase inhibitors
-inhibits HIV replication
*Protease inhibitors (BEST! but bad side effects)
-prevent final maturation of the HIV virus |
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Term
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Definition
*Viral load = keep # of viruses below 5000
*CD4 T-cell counts = keep above 500/ul
*Adherence = complex tx, many drugs severals x's/day
-costly & have great many side effects :( |
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